WEATHER, THUNDERSTORMS, LIGHTNING, AND MORE
A METHOD OF DETERMINING IF SMOKE WILL BE AN ISSUE
FOR YOUR PLANNING AND OUTING.
PREDICTING SMOKE FOR HIKING, BIKING, CLIMBING, RUNNING, PADDLING, AND MORE.
In planning for some of my club and private hike/scrambles,I came across a few websites that may help us to determine if smoke will be an issue for an upcoming outing.
https://www.windy.com/-PM2-5-pm2p5?cams,pm2p5,48.315,-116.529,5By clicking on the above url, you can expand the map to examine the exact area you are considering going to.
Likewise, you can move around the world, to identify an area with less chance of smoke.
Once on the windy website, wonder the features to learn more about its full potential.
A couple of other websites to collaborate Windy.com, are….
https://inciweb.nwcg.gov
This website will spell out specifically where the fires are located.
From this info, you can see what the winds are doing on windy.com.
https://www.weather.gov
Whenever you log onto the above link, read the words explaining what the day will be like, then scroll down to the “Hourly Weather Forecast” graph, usually down the right side.
Open the graph and examine each row to learn its value.
It’s my go to weather info site.
By combining any or all of these websites information, you can increase your chances of a successful and smoke free outing.
WEATHER, THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING
While doing research for our (Chic & David) website, I came across the following interesting facts and figures that I thought I’d pass along.
As you read this, there are 2,000 thunderstorms in progress on earth.
About 100 lightening strikes will hit the ground, in the time it takes to read this sentence.
HOT AIR
Have you ever wondered what causes the wind to blow?
As air is heated by the sun, hot air rises, and it causes a vacuum. Cold air flows in from the sides to fill the void. Cold air sinks. As the warm air rises, it cools, causing a form of downdraft.
After sinking, the air heats up, and causes updrafts.
These updrafts of warm air, hold much more water vapor, then cold air.
As the warm air rises, they form clouds. As more warm moist air rises, it makes the clouds bellow, much like a balloon blowing up.
There are conflicting air currents, which frequently becoming unbelievably strong.
A large thunderclouds may hold 150,000 tons of water, which will fill a pond 300 feet wide, a mile long, and 5 feet deep.
For instance, in a heavy storm of 2 inches of rain, an area one square yard gets 90 pounds of water, or more then 200 tons per acre.
Over 4 trillion gallons of water falls in the U. S. every day as precipitation.
Around the world, the Rocky Mountains experience between 50 and 70 thunderstorm days each year.
Kampala, Uganda gets about 242 thunderstorm days per year.
But in the Arctic and Antarctic regions where the air is cold and stable, there may be a thunderstorm once every 10 years.
In Florida, lightning strikes an average square mile of ground up to 46 times a year.
THE RUMBLE OF THUNDER
The air around a lightning bolt can heat up to about 27,000° f.
In comparison, the surface of our sun is only 10,000°
Thunder is caused when the air along the bolt expands with explosive violence, radiating pressure waves thru the atmosphere. Thunder can be heard clearly for up to 7 miles.
THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTNING
Lightning serves two purposes: it balances the electrical charge between earth and the sky. And it fertilizes the soil.
On earth, there are more then 8 million lightning strikes every day. Each stroke carries about 250 kilowatt hours of electricity.
Lightning is the only way to achieve electrical balance on earth.
Life on earth could not exist without lightning. Our air contains four parts nitrogen to one part of oxygen. Lightning combines nitrogen chemically with rain. Rain brings the fixed nitrogen to earth, where it is absorbed by plants.
100 million tons of nitrogen wash down into the soil each year. Or way more then all the world’s manufacturers can produce.
A single lightning strike can scorch as small as a spot, or as large as 25 acres.
Lightning is responsible for half of the wildfires in our forests.
The largest dry lightning storm on record started 1,488 fires in the northern Rocky Mountains during a 10 day period in June of 1940.
Between 1940 and 1975, around 230,000 lightning fires occurred in western national forests.
When lightning strikes a tree, the effect depends on how much rain has fallen.
If a tree is wet to it’s base, the lightning travels down the film of water to the ground, leaving the tree intact.
If a tree is not wet to the ground, the lightning will follow the sap within the tree on the inside, to the ground.
The sap vaporizes, and because it is confined to a narrow channel, it blows the tree apart.
Oak trees suffer the most damage because the bark is rough and doesn’t carry the water as well as smooth bark.
THE DO'S AND DON'TS OF BEING OUT DURING LIGHTNING
First and foremost, check the weather reports. If thunder is predicted, don’t go out. Find another area to recreate.
To read a daily weather chart that explains all aspects of the weather report,
Log onto NOOA.GOV. or forecast.weather.gov
Then scroll down the right side of the page to a graph called “Hourly Weather Forecast”
This graph will explain aspects of what is predicted. Above the graph is an area to select the different features. Select all Weather Elements, and Weather/precipitation.
From this graph, you can learn an hourly forecast.
Please see graph at bottom of this article.
The below information was collected from the CDC website.
WHAT ARE THE ODDS?
85% of all fatalities are male.
15 to 34 year olds account for 1/2 of all lightning victims
87% are white
32% of fatalities occur indoors
Our earth receives about 8 million strikes per day.
On average, 27 Americans die each year from lightning, and 300 are injured .
10% who are struck, die from heart attacks.
Florida and Texas are known as “Lightning Capitols”. Yet another reason to live in the opposite side of the U.S. But, DO NOT TELL ANYONE!
INFO YOU NEED TO KNOW
OUTSIDE
Your car is the best place to weather a lightning storm. But be sure to not touch anything metallic. In rain and lightning, the water running off your car, which conducts electricity to the ground.
Remember the 30-30 Rule.
If you see lightning, count to 30. If you hear thunder before you reach 30, go indoors, or take shelter.
When you see lightning, and hear thunder 5 seconds later, the strike is only one mile away +-~?
If you go indoors, DO NOT get near plumbing, all electrical appliances and walls.
DO NOT use corded phones. Cell phones are okay if lightning is far off.
Open convertibles, golf carts, motorcycles, playground equipment, parks, ponds, lakes, pools and beaches are susceptible to lightning.
SAFETY TIPS IF CAUGHT IN THE OUTDOORS
Stand far apart from each other. Currently known as social distancing, times 2.
Avoid water or wet ground.
On the trail, stay off of ridges, summits, single tall trees, power lines, and ski lifts.
Run fast. There will be less exposure to ground current.
Pets. Replace all collars, leashes, etc with plastic connectors. No metal.
After a victim has been struck by lightning, it is safe to touch the victim.
Electricity does not store in humans.
Get rid of ALL metal objects on you or in your pack.
Ski poles, skis, ice axes, tent poles, stoves, pans, tools, any thing metal, should be separated from you and each other.
All the above does not necessarily attract electricity, but rather conduct it.
No metal objects above your head.
If no shelter is available, crouch low next to small trees, or isolate yourself.
Once while climbing Mount Hood, the Mountain School got caught in a sudden thunder and electrical storm. One persons hair became an Afro.
We scattered all out metal tools n the rocks. One pot kit fused together, because its contents weren't separated.
OTHER INFO
DO NOT lie on the ground. Ground current happens when lightning strikes close.
Your best bet is to crouch close to the ground without any other contact.
If in towns and you can’t go inside, stay near tall structures that may get struck first. DO NOT lean or lay on concrete. All concrete structures contain steel rebar and other conductive materials.
HELP
First, call 911 on your cell phone only.
Assess the victim. Breathing, heart beat, bleeding, and clearing ones throat are common
Check for a heart beat by placing your middle and ring fingers on the victims carotid artery, on each side of the neck. It is located directly below the back curve of your jaw bone.
If needed, apply CPR and/or cardiac compressions until the EMT’s get to the victim. DO NOT STOP. Even if you think the victim is dead, DO NOT STOP UNTIL AN EMT takes over.
This is a summary of what you need to know about thunderstorms and lightning.
It is your responsibility to educate yourself further.
Rely only on reputable sources.
NOAA, WEATHER.GOV, universities that study weather, and National Geographic are good sources.
Do not rely on here say. Even this article does not cover it all.
Educate yourself, especially if you are a trip leader.
FOR YOUR PLANNING AND OUTING.
PREDICTING SMOKE FOR HIKING, BIKING, CLIMBING, RUNNING, PADDLING, AND MORE.
In planning for some of my club and private hike/scrambles,I came across a few websites that may help us to determine if smoke will be an issue for an upcoming outing.
https://www.windy.com/-PM2-5-pm2p5?cams,pm2p5,48.315,-116.529,5By clicking on the above url, you can expand the map to examine the exact area you are considering going to.
Likewise, you can move around the world, to identify an area with less chance of smoke.
Once on the windy website, wonder the features to learn more about its full potential.
A couple of other websites to collaborate Windy.com, are….
https://inciweb.nwcg.gov
This website will spell out specifically where the fires are located.
From this info, you can see what the winds are doing on windy.com.
https://www.weather.gov
Whenever you log onto the above link, read the words explaining what the day will be like, then scroll down to the “Hourly Weather Forecast” graph, usually down the right side.
Open the graph and examine each row to learn its value.
It’s my go to weather info site.
By combining any or all of these websites information, you can increase your chances of a successful and smoke free outing.
WEATHER, THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING
While doing research for our (Chic & David) website, I came across the following interesting facts and figures that I thought I’d pass along.
As you read this, there are 2,000 thunderstorms in progress on earth.
About 100 lightening strikes will hit the ground, in the time it takes to read this sentence.
HOT AIR
Have you ever wondered what causes the wind to blow?
As air is heated by the sun, hot air rises, and it causes a vacuum. Cold air flows in from the sides to fill the void. Cold air sinks. As the warm air rises, it cools, causing a form of downdraft.
After sinking, the air heats up, and causes updrafts.
These updrafts of warm air, hold much more water vapor, then cold air.
As the warm air rises, they form clouds. As more warm moist air rises, it makes the clouds bellow, much like a balloon blowing up.
There are conflicting air currents, which frequently becoming unbelievably strong.
A large thunderclouds may hold 150,000 tons of water, which will fill a pond 300 feet wide, a mile long, and 5 feet deep.
For instance, in a heavy storm of 2 inches of rain, an area one square yard gets 90 pounds of water, or more then 200 tons per acre.
Over 4 trillion gallons of water falls in the U. S. every day as precipitation.
Around the world, the Rocky Mountains experience between 50 and 70 thunderstorm days each year.
Kampala, Uganda gets about 242 thunderstorm days per year.
But in the Arctic and Antarctic regions where the air is cold and stable, there may be a thunderstorm once every 10 years.
In Florida, lightning strikes an average square mile of ground up to 46 times a year.
THE RUMBLE OF THUNDER
The air around a lightning bolt can heat up to about 27,000° f.
In comparison, the surface of our sun is only 10,000°
Thunder is caused when the air along the bolt expands with explosive violence, radiating pressure waves thru the atmosphere. Thunder can be heard clearly for up to 7 miles.
THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTNING
Lightning serves two purposes: it balances the electrical charge between earth and the sky. And it fertilizes the soil.
On earth, there are more then 8 million lightning strikes every day. Each stroke carries about 250 kilowatt hours of electricity.
Lightning is the only way to achieve electrical balance on earth.
Life on earth could not exist without lightning. Our air contains four parts nitrogen to one part of oxygen. Lightning combines nitrogen chemically with rain. Rain brings the fixed nitrogen to earth, where it is absorbed by plants.
100 million tons of nitrogen wash down into the soil each year. Or way more then all the world’s manufacturers can produce.
A single lightning strike can scorch as small as a spot, or as large as 25 acres.
Lightning is responsible for half of the wildfires in our forests.
The largest dry lightning storm on record started 1,488 fires in the northern Rocky Mountains during a 10 day period in June of 1940.
Between 1940 and 1975, around 230,000 lightning fires occurred in western national forests.
When lightning strikes a tree, the effect depends on how much rain has fallen.
If a tree is wet to it’s base, the lightning travels down the film of water to the ground, leaving the tree intact.
If a tree is not wet to the ground, the lightning will follow the sap within the tree on the inside, to the ground.
The sap vaporizes, and because it is confined to a narrow channel, it blows the tree apart.
Oak trees suffer the most damage because the bark is rough and doesn’t carry the water as well as smooth bark.
THE DO'S AND DON'TS OF BEING OUT DURING LIGHTNING
First and foremost, check the weather reports. If thunder is predicted, don’t go out. Find another area to recreate.
To read a daily weather chart that explains all aspects of the weather report,
Log onto NOOA.GOV. or forecast.weather.gov
Then scroll down the right side of the page to a graph called “Hourly Weather Forecast”
This graph will explain aspects of what is predicted. Above the graph is an area to select the different features. Select all Weather Elements, and Weather/precipitation.
From this graph, you can learn an hourly forecast.
Please see graph at bottom of this article.
The below information was collected from the CDC website.
WHAT ARE THE ODDS?
85% of all fatalities are male.
15 to 34 year olds account for 1/2 of all lightning victims
87% are white
32% of fatalities occur indoors
Our earth receives about 8 million strikes per day.
On average, 27 Americans die each year from lightning, and 300 are injured .
10% who are struck, die from heart attacks.
Florida and Texas are known as “Lightning Capitols”. Yet another reason to live in the opposite side of the U.S. But, DO NOT TELL ANYONE!
INFO YOU NEED TO KNOW
OUTSIDE
Your car is the best place to weather a lightning storm. But be sure to not touch anything metallic. In rain and lightning, the water running off your car, which conducts electricity to the ground.
Remember the 30-30 Rule.
If you see lightning, count to 30. If you hear thunder before you reach 30, go indoors, or take shelter.
When you see lightning, and hear thunder 5 seconds later, the strike is only one mile away +-~?
If you go indoors, DO NOT get near plumbing, all electrical appliances and walls.
DO NOT use corded phones. Cell phones are okay if lightning is far off.
Open convertibles, golf carts, motorcycles, playground equipment, parks, ponds, lakes, pools and beaches are susceptible to lightning.
SAFETY TIPS IF CAUGHT IN THE OUTDOORS
Stand far apart from each other. Currently known as social distancing, times 2.
Avoid water or wet ground.
On the trail, stay off of ridges, summits, single tall trees, power lines, and ski lifts.
Run fast. There will be less exposure to ground current.
Pets. Replace all collars, leashes, etc with plastic connectors. No metal.
After a victim has been struck by lightning, it is safe to touch the victim.
Electricity does not store in humans.
Get rid of ALL metal objects on you or in your pack.
Ski poles, skis, ice axes, tent poles, stoves, pans, tools, any thing metal, should be separated from you and each other.
All the above does not necessarily attract electricity, but rather conduct it.
No metal objects above your head.
If no shelter is available, crouch low next to small trees, or isolate yourself.
Once while climbing Mount Hood, the Mountain School got caught in a sudden thunder and electrical storm. One persons hair became an Afro.
We scattered all out metal tools n the rocks. One pot kit fused together, because its contents weren't separated.
OTHER INFO
DO NOT lie on the ground. Ground current happens when lightning strikes close.
Your best bet is to crouch close to the ground without any other contact.
If in towns and you can’t go inside, stay near tall structures that may get struck first. DO NOT lean or lay on concrete. All concrete structures contain steel rebar and other conductive materials.
HELP
First, call 911 on your cell phone only.
Assess the victim. Breathing, heart beat, bleeding, and clearing ones throat are common
Check for a heart beat by placing your middle and ring fingers on the victims carotid artery, on each side of the neck. It is located directly below the back curve of your jaw bone.
If needed, apply CPR and/or cardiac compressions until the EMT’s get to the victim. DO NOT STOP. Even if you think the victim is dead, DO NOT STOP UNTIL AN EMT takes over.
This is a summary of what you need to know about thunderstorms and lightning.
It is your responsibility to educate yourself further.
Rely only on reputable sources.
NOAA, WEATHER.GOV, universities that study weather, and National Geographic are good sources.
Do not rely on here say. Even this article does not cover it all.
Educate yourself, especially if you are a trip leader.
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WHY IS THE SKY BLUE?
THE SUN SHINES WHITE AND BLACK LIGHT TO OUR PLANET. THE WHITE LIGHT HAS ALL THE COLORS IN IT. IN OUR UPPER ATMOSPHERE, WE HAVE DUST PARTICLES AND OXYGEN MOLECULES. THE WHITE LIGHT MEANING ALL OF THE COLORS IN A RAINBOW SHINES THROUGH THE UPPER LEVELS OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE BLUE LIGHT SCATTERS ACROSS THE ENTIRE PLANET. THAT IS WHY OUR SKY IS BLUE. NOW, DURING SUNRISE AND SUNSET, THE LIGHT TRAVELING THROUGH ATMOSPHERE IS LONGER AT THE HORIZON, THEN IF YOU WERE TO LOOK UP HIGH IN THE SKY. THERE ARE MORE DUST PARTICLES AND OXYGEN MOLECULES AT THE HORIZON, SO THAT IS WHY YOU SEE SUCH PRETTY COLORS LIKE RED, ORANGES AND YELLOWS.
WHAT IS AN UPSIDE-DOWN RAINBOW?
AN UPSIDE-DOWN RAINBOW IS AN UNUSUAL PHENOMENON CAUSED BY SUNLIGHT SHINING THROUGH A THIN, VISIBLE SCREEN OF TINY ICE CRYSTALS HIGH IN THE SKY. INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH RAIN. SOME PEOPLE REFER TO THIS AS A 'SMILE RAINBOW'.
CAN A RAINBOW APPEAR DURING THE NIGHT?
YES, THEY'RE CALLED MOONBOWS! THE NIGHTTIME RAINBOW IS VERY RARE AND OCCURS ONLY WHEN THE MOON IS BRIGHT ENOUGH AND POSITIONED PROPERLY WITH RESPECT TO FALLING RAIN TO PRODUCE THE BEAUTIFUL EFFECT.
WHAT ARE THE NORTHERN LIGHTS?
THE NORTHERN LIGHTS, COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE AURORA BOREALIS, ARE THE RESULT OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SUN AND EARTH'S OUTER ATMOSPHERE. THEY ARE ONE OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR LIGHT SHOWS TO WATCH AS VIVID COLORS GLOW IN THE SKY. IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, IT IS CALLED THE AURORA AUSTRALIS.
WHAT CAUSES THE AURORAS?
MOST AURORAS OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO ENERGETIC PARTICLES FROM A SOLAR STORM, WHICH CAUSE THE GASES OF THE THIN UPPER ATMOSPHERE TO GLOW. THEY TAKE PLACE AT HEIGHTS BETWEEN 50 TO 100 MILES ABOVE THE EARTH. THE AURORA CAN LAST ANYWHERE BETWEEN A FEW MINUTES TO SEVERAL HOURS. AURORAS ARE MOST COMMON IN POLAR REGIONS. THE VARIOUS COLORS, OF WHICH GREEN AND RED PREDOMINATE, ARE THE RESULTS OF VARIOUS LIGHT EMISSIONS FROM OXYGEN AND NITROGEN GASES BEING ENERGIZED BY THE SOLAR PARTICLES.
WHAT ARE CREPUSCULAR RAYS?
CREPUSCULAR RAYS ARE ARE BANDS OF SUNLIGHT SHINING THROUGH BREAKS IN CLOUDS ON THE HORIZON.
WHAT ARE SUN DOGS?
SUN DOGS ARE BRIGHT SPOTS THAT APPEAR ON EITHER SIDE OF THE SUN WHEN THERE ARE THIN LAYERS OF HIGH ICE CRYSTAL CLOUDS OTHERWISE KNOWN AS CIRRUS CLOUDS. THIS CAN ALSO HAPPEN AT NIGHT. THESE ARE CALLED MOON DOGS.
WHAT ARE SUN PILLARS?
SUN PILLARS ARE LUMINOUS VERTICAL STREAKS OF LIGHT, WHILE OR SOMETIMES SLIGHTLY REDDISH IN COLOR, EXTENDING FROM ABOVE AND BELOW THE SUN. THEY ARE THE RESULT OF THE LIGHT BEING REFLECTED BY THE MIRROR-LIKE SURFACES OF ICE CRYSTALS. THEY ARE COMMON TO SEE AROUND SUNRISE AND SUNSET.