HINTS
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13 ESSENTIALS
THIS SECTION IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT...... IF YOU DON’T GET ANYTHING OUT OF THIS SITE. HEED THIS SECTION.
THE 13 essentials have a drop down menu page.
PLEASE, make up a complete essentials pouch for every person in your family, and make sure each companion has them, and knows how to use them.
Earlier in the winter of 2021, a father and daughter went to the Cabinet Mountain Wilderness, for a day of backcountry skiing on Engle Peak.
The father was on a cornice when it broke off, sending him sliding down the mountain. He and his daughter got separated. They spent the night out about 600 feet apart, but didn’t know it.
The father, had most all the food and emergency supplies. They both survived, but the daughter spent a terrible night alone on a mountain.
Or, what if you are separated and you puncture your leg or arm. And the other hiking partner has the First Aid Kit?
Each person must be responsible for his or her safety and care.
If one has only a half bottle of water and a candy bar, their chances are poor to survive a night out, especially in the early spring, late fall and winter.
But it can get cold even in the summer.
This also applies to all food, snacks, and water.. If you carry the supplies for your spouse, and you find yourself unfound, what are they going to do.
Its really simple,
13+ ESSENTIALS
These item are to be carried by EVERY INDIVIDUAL, whether hiking solo or in a group. Couples are especially encouraged to carry their own 13 essentials, as well as their own food, water, and first aid supplies, just in case one or the other gets separated from their spouse or group.
PLEASE, ERROR ON THE SIDE OF CAUTION.
NEVER rely on others. And know your equipment inside and out, before venturing into nature.
KNOWLEDGE is the most important thing you can take into the mountains.
Benefits Franklin once said…
“IF YOU FAIL TO PLAN, YOU ARE PLANNING TO FAIL”
WAYS TO TELL DIRECTIONS
NORTH STAR
At night, if the sky’s are clear, locate the Big Dipper. Go to the cup of the dipper, and find the two stars furthest away from the handle. From the bottom star, draw a line up past the upper star. Continue up to the Little Dipper. The first star is the North Star.
SUN AND STICK METHOD
If the sun is out, pound a stick in the dirt/snow, and place a marker at the top of the stick’s shadow.
Wait 15+ minutes and place a marker at the top of the sticks shadow.
Draw a line from one marker to the next. These two markers are west on the left to east on the right.
Now draw a line perpendicular to the west-east line. North is above, and south is below.
USING A WATCH
If you have a digital watch, pretend it’s a dial watch.
Place the hour hand at the sun.
Go to the minute hand, and then find a line between the two hands.
South is half way between the two hands, and north is in the opposite direction.
FLOATING MAGNETIC METAL
First, find a pond or even a cup of water.
Next take a small paper clip and rub it on another larger piece of metal, to magnetize the paper clip.
Set the paper clip on a leaf, styrofoam, small wood block.
Let it set for a while, out of the wind.
The paper clip will eventually point to magnetic north.
Know the area you are in, and observe the True North from the Magnetic North.
Or to make all this easy….dig out your compass. It will never fail you.
I have, attached to my pack strap a small thermometer and compass, for easy access.
However, the compass arm may be affected by any magnetized metal close by.
Isolate the small compass to determine what way is north.
ARE YOU DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED.
A few people have the ability know what direction north is at the drop of a hat. But most don’t.
An easy way to instantly find the North Pole, is to train yourself and your hiking/skiing partner, way before you head out into Nature.
Do this, by often asking your partner to point to the north. Or east, west, or south.
When you ask your partner what direction is east is, for instance, your partner should point to the direction without too much thot.
This method should be practiced often, so you know your partner can tell direction.
GOOGLE EARTH
As a backup, I screenshot images of my route both vertical and horizontal. By using two fingers on the screen, pull down, and the perspective will be horizontal.
Write notes on your phone for reference in the route and turns you need to take.
The more info and maps each person has, increases the odds on surviving a separation or being lost, I mean unfound. I try never to be lost. I said tried!
CLOTHING
Clothing is a critical issue for anyone going into nature. If you don’t dress appropriately, you will pay a price. The following information is meant to show you the best, least expensive way of dressing yourself for success on the trail.
First and MOST IMPORTANT...”COTTON KILLS” in the mountains. I love my soft cotton shirts and other clothing while around the house or town, but I never wear cotton in the mountains. Cotton tends to soak up sweat as you work thru tough hikes. Then you are wet. If the weather changes or you go deep into the woods, your bodies core temps can drop to dangerous levels.
Below are some suggestions that have worked for me over the last many decades. They may or may not work for you. And that’s okay.
BASE LAYERS
The base layer is worn next to your skin, and is designed to wick any moisture away from your body.
There are so many options when choosing a base layer. The way you decide, is to try a brand out. If it works, buy it. If it doesn’t, keep researching options until you find a product that works for you.
All major manufactures make state of the art base layers. But that isn’t to say they are the best for you.
For those wanting warmth and wicking capabilities, I’d suggest Indera Two Layer Pro, SEE BOTTOM.
I’ve skied for 64 years and have found nothing to match the Indera Two Layer tops and bottoms. The inside is polypropylene, while the outer layer is Moreno wool.
If I have one gripe about the Indera, it is that the waist band deteriorates after a lot of washing. But for about 22$ per piece, it’s a great buy and works well.
To repair the waist band, fold a small amount together on both sides, while wearing them. Once they feel snug, take them off and sew the folds together.
I always buy a size larger than needed. That wise, it creates more loft. More loft means warmer bodies.
THERMO LAYER
The next layer is the thermo layer. The thermo layer is designed to keep you warm. They come in weights like 200 grams or higher. The thicker the fleece weight, the warmer the garment. For those on a budget, look for an off brand within your budget.
In late fall or winter, the mountain temperatures can get chilly. I always carry my down jacket for breaks, lunch or any time I’m cold.
OUTER LAYER
Your outer layer is designed to not necessarily only keep you warm, but dry.
Do not scrimp on your outer layer. They should have features like a hood with a draw string to fit your head snuggly, removable hood, and a small sun visor. Other important features are a powder skirt to keep the snow out, pit zips to cool our self ( the larger the better), easy open and close pockets, and completely waterproof. Look below for washing and treating.
WOOL
Wool has been used by people for centuries. It’s biggest plus, is when it’s wet, it’s still warm. Secondly, it very inexpensive, as apposed to the high tech fabrics. Don’t disregard the importance of wool.
PREASURE BREATHING
Pressure breathing is a way of breathing that allows more oxygen into your blood stream. As you are approaching a steeper section of a trail, inhale deeply. Then purse your lips like you would do if you were blowing out a candle at arms length. Blow steadily thru your restricted lips. By the time you reach the summit, you will understand why pressure breathing is important to know. In the winter, it makes you feel warmer.
On lower angle slopes, you don't need to restrict your exhale as much as on steep slopes. Change your exhale to meet your circumstances.
CAMERA
A camera with fully charged batteries and lots of memory, can be a useful tool. I have used my camera to shoot back at trail intersections or Y’s to make sure I don’t miss key turn offs, upon returning.
I also carry a dozen 18” lengths of bright pink surveyors tape. I loop the tape over a branch, then pull the ends thru th loop. This allows me to easily retrieve the tape as I walk past it. Do not tie the tape. Future hikers may think its the way to go. and it may not apply to them.
Also, if you are going off trail, take an image of the direction and area you are headed. Once you get way over there, it just doesn’t look like it did from way back there. An image may be useful in choosing the route you need to go.
I use screen shots of goggle maps. I draw the proposed route, and use them to understand my surroundings in the field.
You can shoot vertical and horizontal images of the route, and refer to them on your phone.
Having said this...DO NOT FAIL TO TAKE A FOREST MAP & TOPO MAP, AND A FMPASS, ON EACH TRIP. BATTERIES DIE.
RESPONSIBLE PERSON
Tell your responsible person where you are going & when to call the sheriff if you are overdue. If you change your destination, make sure your responsible person knows where your new destination is. If you don’t, you run the chance of not being found in a timely manor.
And make sure your call or text to your responsible person is received.
We have included on each trip write up, the Sheriff’s phone numbers for that particular hike.
And please remember, if you call a sheriffs office, they may ask for a photo of the person. The picture needs to be a face on shot, without glasses or hats.
The reason you call the sheriff is in case of an EMERGENCY. Please don’t waste their time and resources, if it’s not an emergency.
MISCELLANEOUS
BUGS AND INSECTS
While on backpacking trip or around a campfire, you can find old rotting wood (from long downed and rotting trees), and set them smoldering.
Place these chunks of wood on rocks around your area to repel bugs and insects.
BE EXTRA CAREFUL NOT TO IGNITE SURROUNDING DRY FUEL.
HEADLIGHT
-Types of headlights. Now a days, we have LED and LCD headlamps to show our way. There is, however, a new type of headlight to consider. A (Circuit On Board) COB headlamp, scatters the light and allows for more depth of field as you walk. I carry one of each with extra batteries, on every outing.
THIS IS MY OPINION. YOU MAY NOT AGREE, AND THATS OKAY.
What would you do, if you were on an extended hike, and it gets dark, and your batteries die. Obviously, you would replace them.
But many outlets and online stores are selling rechargeable headlights.
What do you do if the lithium batteries die?
I know a lot of you are younger hikers, and use electronics in the woods.
Like electronic compasses, rechargeable headlights are not your only option.
Old school items tend not to be a better choice. You can change out the batteries.
FIRST AID
-First Aid Kit are a must for EVERY participant. If you get separated from your group and gouge you leg, you will need your own FIRST AID KIT. They should include a variety of band-aids, compression bandages, antiseptic creams, butterfly bandages, alcohol wipes, gauze wraps, Conan wraps, hand sanitizer, and feminine hygiene pads (even if you are a guy), to name a few, are a must.
“SPENCO 2nd SKINS BURN PADS” by Spenco are a must. If a heel feels hot, STOP Immediately, clean the area with an alcohol wipe and apply a Second Skin Burn Pad. I prefer the type you have to cut to size, as apposed to the patches. After cleaning the area, cut to size and apply as directed. I carry athletic tape to secure the 2nd Skins. You will be amazed at how well this product works, and your ability to get up and walk away without pain. I also carry several different types of Coban’s self adhesive wraps for a verity of needs. I found a long version at the Dollar Tree store fir $1.25.
Whatever you decide to carry, practice placement and proper cleanliness, so you know how to properly treat an injury.
Im not a fan of Ace bandages. If they are applied too tight, you could restrict blood flow.
PLEASE don’t stab yourself at home to make it real!
It is imperative to change out old or used supplies for new items. Nothing is more frustrating than to need an item you are out of. If anything gets wet or dirty, toss it out and resupply your First Aid Kit. Always pick up your bandage papers and wipes before you leave the area.
After stabilizing a victim, do a care analysis of the victim. Ask where their pain is, it’s intensity level, and visually examine.
A good rule of thumb is D.O.T.S.
D- DEFORMATION of extremities, spine, neck, hips, arms and legs.
O-OPEN WOUNDS. Trea for bleeding immediately. Other than a pulse and breathe in, controlling bleeding is essential..
T-TENDERNESS. Check the victim very carefully. Examine any areas of tenderness for additional injuries.
S-SWEELING. While checking for tenderness, take note of any area that shows any degree of swelling.
There is an online CPR and First Aid Course, you can take.
Log onto…..cprandfirstaid.net
The more you know, could just save a life.
METHODS TO START A FIRE
Always carry waterproof matches, extra lighters.
The more you have with you, the better off you will be, in case of an emergency
There are waterproof, windproof, lighters that will work in altitude.
Of these, there are some that are rechargeable.
They are great because they done use fuel. However, batteries die.
If you rely on these, carry a power stick to recharge as needed.
So always have a many lighters or other forms of fire starters as back ups.
I always carry several ziplock bags with folded paper towels, for many uses.
The most important is of course, toilet paper.
The next important reason is to use the paper towels to start the fire with.
WINTER AND COLD TEMPS
If you recreate in cold weather, including winter, you will be wise to carry a road flair or two.
They burn at about 1500° or more, and can start even wet wood on fire.
TINDER
In Nature there is a lot of flammable stuff to find and use to start your fire. All must be dryish.
Pine Needles
River Birch bark
Cattails….twist the cattail to expose the the stringy fibers inside
Most any thistle. But be ware, thistles are a pain
Cedar Bark, cut up or scrape for fine fire strarter
Dried orange peels
Potato and/or corn chips
Most all tree bark
Dry grasses
Beard Lichen is the dry stringy material that hangs down off of tree limbs
MAKING TINDER
Everyone should have a knife with them. Hold the knife perpendicular to a stick of wood, and shave downward, but not off the stick. This will make a bundle of shavings that will be easier to on fire.
Using your knife, shave a stick like you do to when sharpen a pencil. Gather the shavings and place them near where you want to start the fire.
Continue slicing any wood you find into several different sizes of tinder.
The more you make, the better
Build a log cabin style of tinder, that you can add the first small burning tinder to.
HOW TO BUILD A FIRE STRUCTURE
There are several ways to build your fire structure.
Gather a lot of different sizes of tinder and fire wood, and place them near the spot you want to build your fire.
A TEPEE STRUCTURE
Start by placing the small dry tinder in a mound.
Some dry leaves can be place between your hands. Rub your hands together with the leaves in them. Soon you will have a lot of small dry tinder to use.
Then stack slightly larger tinder in the shape of a tepee. Leave a small hole near the base of the tepee, to place the burning tinder in.
Add larger sticks to the outside of the tepee until you have a lot of wood around the tepee.
Be sure to leave enough space in the wood structure to allow proper air flow.
When you have gathered a lot of material to burn, light your small tinder on fire and place it inside the tepee.
Add larger tinder and wood as the fire starts burning the tepee.
LOG CABIN STRUCTURE
As the title suggest, build a log cabin of medium size tinder.
Then do all the steps above in the TEPEE STRUCTURE.
A RAFT STRUCTURE
Build a square or rectangular structure out of any material laying around. The structure can be made of rocks.
The advantage of using rocks, is they get hot and radiate heat.
Then do all the steps above in the TEPEE STRUCTURE.
Store bought and homemade fire starters
Vaseline and cotton or lint. Mix together in a bowl, but make sure some cotton or lint isn’t saturated with Vaseline.
Pack tightly in a light weight can.
Twine can be spooled and use to start fires.
A 9 volt battery and steel wool. Have your tinder built and ready. When the steel wool starts to burn, get it to the tinder fast.
A magnifying glass can be used to start a fire, as well as reading small print on a map, or used to remove splinters.
In an egg carton, pack each indentation with dryer lint. Then light a candle and drip the hot wax onto the lint. Mix together and let set up. Pop them out of the egg carton and store in a ziplock, inside a small can.
A BOW FIRE HAND DRILL
Items you will need.Twine, rope, or shoe lace
Knife 6"
Find a 2" diameter bowed (arched) shape branch about 2-3 feet long. Tie the cord to each end to look like a bow (bow & Arrow).
Find a dry 2' diameter stick, and carve one end into a point.
Find a piece of wood that you can split with your knife, and dig a 1' diameter divot into the the wood close to the edge, then cut a slot out of the edge.
Wrap the cord around the pointed stick, and place the pointed stick into the divot.
Have ready some small dry kindling, atop a piece of dry wood.
Place the upper part of the stick against your knee for stability.
Use the bow to rotate the stick in the hole. Soon the pointed stick will start to smolder. Blow on the smoldering wood to fan the fire.
Once the kindling starts to burn, sweep it off onto the kindling. Blow on it to fan the flames.
This method may take some time if you can"t find dry wood.
If the tree branches around you have stringy moss hanging off the branches, use it as kindling.
OTHER METHODS
There are commercial fire pastes, fire sticks that look like fat matches with strickers.
Make up a small tin of dryer lint saturated with vaseline
On winter hikes, take a road flare. They burn at 1500° or more, and can start wet wood on fire.
I always carry several ziplock bags for table napkins, paper hand towels, toilet paper, etc. They can be used for many needs.
You can use the 6" knife and a small 16", 3" diameter branch to chop wood.
Place some wood on a rock vertically, and your knife blade down on top of the wood.
Holding your knife steady, use the branch to pound the knife down thru the wood. The smaller the kindling the easier to start.
As stated above, if the tree branches have stringy lichen hanging from its branches, called Beard Lichen , collect a lot of it to use as "kindling" starter.
You also can pull bark off a tree, and use the driest wood inside as starter.
Use your imagination to create and carry what you may need in an emergency.
Start by sticking a long piece of kindling into the ground above your tinder at about a 30-degree angle, with the other end of the stick pointing into the wind. Then lean smaller pieces of kindling against both sides of the longer piece to build a tent. As the kindling catches fire add more kindling, followed by your firewood.
A log cabin design, pyramid, teepee, and a lean-to, is a good structure to build a fire.
USING WATER TO START A FIRE
Another method of making fire, is to use water. What you say? How can I use water to make a fire?
I always carry an assortment of ziplock bags in my pack, for multiple uses.
Fill a ziplock about 1/3rd full of water, and twist the ziplock so the water is in a corner of the baggie.
Collect an assortment of twigs, Beard Lichen, and any other flammable material, and create a teepee, lean-to, or log cabin design of tinder.
Hold the water filled baggie above the tinder, and let the sun magnify the heat that is created.
Soon the light tinder will start to burn. Place the burning material under your tinder, and you have fire.
USING A WATER BOTTLE TO START A FIRE
If you have a clear water bottle, fill it to the brim and cap it.
As the sun shines thru the bottle, notice an area opposite the sun that is bright white on the ground.
Tip the bottle to maximize the amount of area the sun shines on.
Use whatever tinder is available, by stacking it up. Have several different sizes of tinder available so you can add to the tinder once it starts on fire.
Once tinder starts to burn, add the next smallest size tinder. Then add larger size tinder until you have a fire.
FLINT AND STEEL STRIKERS
Flint and Steel strikers work very well to start fires. before you go out on a hike, practice how to use them.
Use an eye glass lens and the sun to start a fire.
FIRE STARTER
Listed below are types of fire starters, but the following can help getting damp or wet woods to light. In a forest, there usually is the light green or black stringy moss that hangs from tree branches, called Beard Lichen. Not only does it make a good fire starter, it can be used like a sponge to collect water.
Solid fuel fire starter. Some look like thick matches.
Magnesium Fire Strikers do well if they are dry.
Fire Starter Pastes are another option.
PACK IT IN- PACK IT OUT.
The USFS does not have the staff or time to clean up the many trails and campsites within their districts. Please clean up after yourself and others if needed. And please remember, aluminum foil and glass DO NOT BURN. Please pack them out.
-An old saying goes...”if you can carry it in full, you can certainly carry it out empty.”
LEAVE NO TRACE. OR…”If it ain’t growing there, it doesn’t belong there.” Quote from Louisiana Law, Cpl.Michael Cook
As states and the USFS don’t have the staff to clean up after you. Please clean up your, and others messes.
Leave No Trace principles can be learned from any Forest Ranger Station.
FREEZE DRIED FOOD MANUFACTURERS
On a recent trip up near Priest Lake, we noticed that if you let the pouch sit for over 15 minutes, the freeze dried meals taste much better.
The following are companies that make freeze dried meals for hiking and backpacking, with a twist.
I would like to invite you to tell us about your experience and taste of the foods listed below. Contact Chic thru this website.
Recently we realized that after you pour your boiling water into the food pouch, seal it and let it sit for about for a total of 20+ minutes.
This tends to soften the freeze dried food more and mixes the flavors better
TRIP PLANNING
Make wise decisions on where you want to go.
Refer to maps, guide books, websites, store personnel and friends, etc.
Choose your hiking partners carefully.
If they seem iffy, choose a hike that is within their capability.
If you are leading the hike, be sure that each hiker has the 13 essentials, rain gear or umbrella, adequate water or water purifier, sit pad for wet or rough ground, and a map with directions.
13 ESSENTIALS
1. Extra food and water.
Include high energy protein bars.
In the Walmart pharmacy they sell 3 flavours of Premier Protein with 30 grams of protein. At least 1 extra quart of water.
2. Extra clothing.
Socks, gloves, umbrella, wool hat, rain hat, etc.
3. Fire starter.
Store bought gels, fire matches, road flares. Flares burn at 1700 degrees and can start fires in the winter or wet conditions.
Home made. Dryer lint stuffed into a very light container ( can add Vaseline to lint or cotton, a ziplock stuffed with paper towels or napkins, etc.
4. Matches or lighters.
Waterproof container with striker, several lighters wrapped in Saran Wrap and stored in each pack pocket.
5. Map.
USFS Topo maps are best. Include Forest maps for overall view info. You can download FS maps on the web. Keep in ziplock bags so they don't get wet.
6. Compass.
Use the type that have a clear plastic base for alignment and map info.
7. Headlight.
Try several out to see what you like. LED lights are hard to see detail and depth on the trail. Old fashion lights are much more detailed.
If LED, find one with an adjustable beam and power, like 100+ lums (brightness). I often put it around my neck or in my hand to show more contrast on the trail. Carry a small one for in the tent, and extra batteries ( change out every 6 months so they are fresh.)
8. Signalling devise.
Whistle, very light weight flashing red rear bike light, and extra batteries. Signalling mirror.
9. Knife
Light weight and small. For backpack trips, a hunting knife with a 6+ inch blade can be used to create kindling and firewood.
Use a small log to smack the blade thru the wood.
10. Emergency shelter.
Space blanket, bivy sack, tarp, a very large garbage bag. Cut out arm and neck holes. Buy a Sunday Afternoon Hat online.
As you hike, always keep in mind where rock overhangs or thick trees are to get out of the rain.
11. First Aid Kit.
Every spring change out all ingredients so items are fresh.
Include a roll of athletic tape and Second Skins for blisters. You can get them at Rite Aid. They are a lifesaver. Be sure to tell all on hike to let you know when hot spots or blisters occur ASAP.
Don't let them get to an emergency, deal with them at first notice. Tampacs are great bleeding stoppers. See sewing kit.
12. Paper towels. Toilet
Make up a ziplock bag full of paper towels for crapping. Add whips for clean up. Toilet paper blowouts are a bitch.
13. Sun protection.
Sun glasses with side shades on snow will help you from getting snow blindness. Sunday Afternoon hat, sun screen SPF 50 ( change out every spring), zinc oxide to cover nose on glaciers or snow.
Light weight propylene white gloves.
14. I make copies of all my technical gear instructions ( stove, gps, water purifier, first aid instructions, etc.), in a ziplock bag. Store in essentials pouch. When stressed, it helps to have direction.
15. MAKE SURE EVERY HIKING PARTNER HAS IT ALL. ONCE on a trip, one of a couple got separated and the other had the essentials leaving all in perl.
16. PAIN KILLER.
I carry Aleve or Tylenol for light pain.
17. COMMON SENSE.
Without common sense, things can get serious way to fast.
The leader or the one most experienced is in command. Keep an eye on them. Hypothermia can play nasty tricks on anyone.
I put all these in specific pouches for each sport or pack.
COLD WEATHER INJURIES.
Hypothermia can cause hikers to act funny, unzipped coats, remove gloves. If someone acts funny get them warm (hand warmers) fast. If you are camped, pump warm water down them.
If serious, naked body to body contact may be necessary.
HEAT INJURIES
Cool immediately, get out of the sun, hydrate until pee is clear.
Take a Wilderness First Aid course or Wilderness First Responder course and CPR classes. Work may pay for the class so you can help in work related emergencies. Ask HR.
I'll send you a form I use for serious hikes. It has all the contact info, medical info, allergies, medications, pass port number, contact info, for responsible person back home. Choose a really good friend for authorities to contact if needed. Be sure they know your medical presences for treatment. I joined MedFlight for helicopter extraction if needed. Costs only 60$ per year. Better than 10's of thousands for transportation.
FOOT BEDS
Amazon carries a very good foot pad made by Ironman.
Cut to fit. I have them in every boot I have, including ski boots.
WATER FILTERS.
Mine is First Need filter. It cleans out almost every contaminate including viruses. It is essential to read the instructions carefully.
You don't want to cross contaminate hoses or plug ins. Be sure to pump the pump until no water comes out on every use. Dry in the sun especially when you get home. Clean and dry all hoses and parts thoroughly.
In a pinch you can add two drops of bleach to a water bottle, shake and let sit for 15 minutes, then remove lid to evaporate the bleach. I have two friends I hike with, and this is all they use.
Find a light weight water bottle carrier to attach to your pack so drinking can be accessed easily. In hot weather, wet the holder to keep water cooler.
On a in and out hike on a trail, carry extra water 1/2 way to the turn around point and stash them in the shade. You won't have to carry them all the way in and you will have water for the last half of the hike.
I also carry a Sawyer Water Filtration System
UMBRELLA.
A small foot long folding umbrella will allow you to hike in the light rain without heavy sweat causing jacket.
MAPS, GUIDE BOOKS, AND INLANDNWROUTES.COM
Supply each hiker with a photocopy of a Topo map on one side, and guide book instructions on the other. Draw the car route in one color, and the hiking route in another color so people can't get confused. Yah right!
THERMOMETER
Find a small CLIP on thermometer for your pack strap. REI?
FACE TOWEL
I alway carry a towel for wiping my face on hot days. Designate the towel for your face only. Do not use on anything else.
SUN SCREEN
Sun screen should be replaced every late spring early summer so they are fresh. Last years sun screen may expire and cause burns.
Boot gaiters
Boot gaiters are great to keep out water and dirt. Have a light duty pair and a heavier snow gaiter. Be sure to waterproof them.
See below.
TREATING FOR WATERPROOFING.
Wash your technical gear in about 1/3rd cup of Arm & Hammer (Walmart). Rewash without A&H to rid the garment of any soaps.
While it’s still wet, spray with a quality DRW. I use a plastic glove to rub to rub it in, and work the seems.
Most all spray on treatment works great. Gearaids Durable Water Repellent is the best. Apply 2 or 3 coats with a day between each application. Apply 2 more coats to butt, arms, and shoulders. Wherever rain can gather.
MOST IMPORTANT only wear your technical gear when you are in the mountains. If you wear your jacket for instance, everyday, when you most need it, it may not preform as needed.
NOTE: The above DWR’s are safe for humans.
ADJUSTABLE HIKING POLES AND GORILLA DUCT TAPE
They allow you to maintain balance as you hike, without stressing your core abdomen muscles. Extend them long so you can use them like cross country skiing. Being long allows you to push as you walk. I walk 20% faster with them.
Wrap about 6 feet of Gorilla Duct Tape on each pole for emergencies. On a ski trip in Canada my ski boot separated.
I taped it shut and got out.
Put reflective tape on your poles to find at night.
CHOCOLATE
Do you like chocolate? What a dumb question. When hiking it's a mess to eat. Buy small bite size bars. They will melt in your pocket, so tear off a corner like ketchup packet, and squeeze out the delight without a mess. Buy variety packs for variety.
Meals.
I have become a specialist in mountain sandwiches. I carry fresh buns, lettuce chopped in a baggy lined with a damp paper towel.
The towel can be used as a wipe after lunch. Avocados, pickles, tomatoes, mayo, all in light weight containers so they don't leak or get squashed. If you make arrangements with you hiking partner, they can carry some of the load. Wrap two knifes in paper plates in a produce bag with a clip to hold them.
Take your favorite pop or libation for lunch. It beats water.
Wine comes in plastic bottles. Yahoo!
Be sure to carry chips, cookies, etc.
Small honey crisp apples are a treat. Carry in Tupperware like containers for preservation.
Years ago on a climb in the North Cascades, I broke out my lunch box and made a sandwich. One of the guys had only power bars. I eventually sold a sandwich to the guy for 15$. After all I carried it up 1500v.
COLD CONTAINERS
I found small containers for my meats and cheeses that are freezable.
They are EZ-Freeze Stayfit containers. The bottom is filled with freezer gel that even on the hottest days will keep your meat and cheeses cool and safe.
Look for them online. Mine measure 5x5x3".
WATER BOTTLES
Water bottles can be frozen with water in them for hot days.
When you freeze them, leave 3 " of space and freeze WITHOUT THE LIDS ON. Fill the 3" with water at the trailhead.
I personally don't like bladders because their cleaning is difficult.
A friend used them once and it leaked all over his extra clothes and food.
WATERPROOFING BOOTS.
Obenauf's Heavy Duty LP treatment works really well.
Wash boots with water only and let dry. Microwave Obenaur slightly so it applies easily. First apply generously to all stitching, seams and rand (where soles meat boot uppers), then apply everywhere else.
Let sit ( not by heat), then use a shoe brush to flake off residue.
Treat every time you notice the uppers get wet.
On a half day hike your feet will sweat as much as a pint of water. On a tough all day hike they can sweat as much as a quart a day. Wicking socks are a must. Thin sock liners can keep blisters away.
TECHNICAL PANTS AND SHIRTS.
Zip off convertible pants with vertical leg zips are a must.
You can remove leg bottoms without removing boots. I find a pair that fit well and have a seamstress add the ankle zips. Minimum Length (9" zips) are easier to remove over boots.
Technical shirts are uva & uvb protection for up to 50 SPF.
Both pants and shirts are very light weight and dry very fast.
Do not waterproof.
PACKS
Packs can be waterproofed so they don't get wet and weight a ton when wet.
If you sweat a lot Dueter packs have a curved back so there's a space between your body. Regular packs can be worn with a tight waste belts and loose shoulder straps so they separate from your back. Light weight packs are great for hard trips but aren't as rugged as normal packs.
As you replace your gear, choose Go Light gear. You may have to replace them more often, but every ounce counts when you are struggling up a hill.
PACK PACKING
When loading a pack the light gear goes on the bottom, with heavier gear in the top 1/3 next to your body. A pack that is thick away from your body causes you to bend forward and fatigues you easily.
EXTERNAL FRAME PACKS VERSES INTERNAL FRAME PACKS.
External Frame packs can carry way more weight because of all their pockets and attachment points, but are wobbly when in unbalanced situations.
Internal frame packs carry less weight but hug your body tightly so they are more stable. Light weight packs can weight as little as 10 ounces but have poor shoulder straps for comfort.
When you buy at REI, you pay more, but you can return them if they don't fit well. Load your new pack with towels to soften the load, then load with gallon milk jugs full of water for weight. Hike an assortment of trails to see if they ride comfortably.
Be sure to buy packs that are vertical not thick. It saves your back.
Attach several carabiners to the loops on your pack for use in attaching things together, or to your pack. Place your name and phone number in your pack in case you get separated from it
SLEEPING BAGS.
Buy two. One for cold weather usually down with a -25 rating.
For warmer weather a +25 or so, synthetic bag is okay.
Try all sleeping pads out. Thermorest makes great self inflating pads.
GORE-TEX GEAR.
It's great stuff but looses its waterproofing after a year or so.
Some alternatives work just as well. This is when proper washing and treatment is important.
WARM GLOVES
I store a pair of ski gloves in the bottom of my pack for emergencies. They also provide padding for gear on the bottom.
PRESSURE BREATHING
When you come to steeper terrain, breathing becomes difficult.
A trick I learned while glacier climbing is pressure breathing.
As you approach the steep trails breath in thru your nose to fill the bottom of your lungs fully. Then purse your lips like.you do when you blow out candles. The opening should be smaller than a pencil width. Blow hard and you will notice pressure backing up. This forces the air in your lungs to fill your blood with more oxygen. More oxygen gives you the boost you need to tackle hard terrain. Be serious about this breathing technic and you will notice a difference. In the winter it keeps your core warmer.
Another breathing exercise I do is as follows.
Start at four seconds and breath in slowly. Hold for four seconds. Then exhale for four seconds. Repeat 10 to 15 times. As you get used to this technic, increase your times. I do 8 second. Increase repetitions as needed. These are similar to pregnancy breathing technics.
STRETCHING & YOGA
Each morning I do extensive stretching and yoga so I can get thru the day. On sports days I do an abbreviated set with leg and arm stretches as I set out on the trail. Stop when necessary to re-stretch ham strings or other sore spots.
YELLOW MUSTARD PACKS.
Stop by a fast food place and snag a half a dozen mustard packs. Put the in your essentials pack. When you or a hiking partner get leg or other cramps, drink down a packet. Within a few minutes they will go away. I wonder if they will work for menstrual cramps. Once after a 15 hour hike/scramble in the American Selkirks, my legs cramped so badly I was screaming in pain. I dug out the mustard packs and they went away.
If you don't have mustard, straighten your legs and slowly move your toes to a point then back toward your knees, until the pain goes away.
SURVEYORS TAPE
Buy a roll of surveyor tape and carry it to mark the trail if it's complicated. On the way out the trail does not look the same as the way in. Also at critical intersections, take a photo from up the trail looking down so when you come to the intersection you know which way to go.
Do not continue blindly if you think you are misplaced. Hike back to familiar terrain and re evaluate your route. Refer to photos as needed. If you get lost, stay in place. Find an open area so you can form a SOS or help signal for helicopters to see. Do not start a fire unless it is VERY safe.
If you get separated from others, or they from you, pre arrange to re group at the last spot you were together.
SAFETY CORD
Carry about 30' of nylon cord that has been waterproofed to hang wet cloths on or as a tent. This cord can be used to secure a splint if needed.
DRY SACKS
If you backpack or even day hike into the Olympic National Forest or other very rainy areas put you clothes in a dry sack. Dry sacks are light weight and waterproof. Walmart sells Sea to Summit bags for cheap. They also come in small sizes to house phones, GPS, etc.
SPRAINED ANKLES
If you are walking along and suddenly sprain your ankle, CONTINUE TO THE GROUND IMMEDIATELY, don't stay standing. D NOT CATCH YOURSELF, FALL TO THE GROUND. Lie down and get your ankle up for 30 minutes or more, WITHIN SECONDS OF SPRAINING YOUR ANKLE. Find a bush, tree or rock to support your leg. Once hiking solo in the Selkirks by Bonners Ferry, I was 7 miles back and sprained my ankle. I hit the ground and stayed there for 30 minutes. I used some snow to cool the ankle and later got up and walked away. However, two miles from the car, I stepped into a hole and really twisted it. I did the same treatment for 45 minutes. It took me 4 hours to carefully walk 2 miles to the car.
NOTEPAD AND PEN
Carry a notebook and pen to write your thots and dreams. In the mountains, we become inspired. If you stop and write your thots you will convey your true feelings. A lot of the other wisdoms and prose I sent you were written in the woods and transferred to my iPad when I got home. Also you can leave messages on the trail for others to follow.
CRITTER WARNING
Remember, when you are hiking in an area that has ridges and gullies you go over, yell Oiya Oso to alert critters of your presents. Sometimes I feel the hair on the back of my neck stand up, or an uneasy feeling of other presence around me. Thats when I yell, whistle or smack my poles together. Also keep aware of your surroundings. Little feelings can alert you to possible dangers.
WILDLIFE
Stay away from wildlife. Moose wolverines, badgers are aggressive critters, while bear tend to run from you. If they have cubs be extra cautious. Don't run. Act like you are grazing while not staring at them, but keep your eye on them. Move in circles to mimic grazing. If they attach, roll into a ball with your hands behind your neck, and do not move, or make any noise. Play dead.
Cougar and bear are sparked by someone running away, like food. If you encounter a cougar, make yourself look many times larger. Lift your coat tails up, flapping and make as much noise as possible. Scare cougar away.
WOOD TICKS
Wood ticks are a hazard that fortunately move very slow. They tend to congregate near belts, collars, restricted areas. When they dig in, they use a pain killer in their saliva to not alert you. When you find one in you, use a set of tweezers to grasp the largest part of their heads crossways ( from left to right) and pull out slowly and carefully. DO NOT THROW AWAY. SAVE THEM FOR YOUR DOCTORS TO EXAMINE FOR DESEASE. Inspect it for missing legs or other parts that may have broken off in you.
If you suspect parts are in you, use your fingernail, knife or other instrument to dig it out. Usually the parts are not deep. In your first aid kit, carry biodegradable soap and a antiseptic lotion to treat your dig site. Monitor your dig site carefully. Also in my essentials kit is a small light weight plastic magnifying glass to inspect wounds and look for tick body parts. Ticks are really cool critters. You cannot kill them with your bare hands unless they are engorged with blood.
All this can be used to remove splinters. Splinters can infect easily if not properly treated.
PHONE AND BATTERIES
If you are carrying your phone (what am I thinking) and not taking pictures with it, turn it off. Your battery life may be needed later. Text messages tend to work when calling doesn't in the mountains. If you get misplaced, save your battery life, turn your phone off. There are solar chargers to charge your stuff if you find it necessary.
CAR KEYS
Be sure to have at least two sets of car keys with you. If you loose your keys in the backcountry, you are screwed. Chris and I share our spare keys when on a hike. I also have a spare key firmly attached to the car. Magnetic key holders tend to fall off on rough roads. I safety pin a car key and a P38 can opener to each pack. Car keys for starting the car have chips. Leave those keys that start your car in the car and carry a regular key that will only open your doors. Chip keys cost 70$+ where regular keys cost 2$.
COLORFUL CLOTHS
When you replace any outer clothes, buy bright coloured jackets.
Drab colors are not visible from the air. They tend to blend into the rocks and foliage.
PAPER PRODUCTS AND BLUE BAGS
I carry a pocket full of napkins to blow the nose. My right back pocket is for them after use. And also for trash I find along the trails. In the bottom of my pack are several plastic grocery bags for picking up trial/campsite trash. The USFS hasn't got two nickels to rub together, so clean up falls to those of us who care about the woods. I also carry 6 or 8 plastic gloves for trash clean up. Use a small carabiner to clip it takes your pack for easy trash disposal.
Blue bags are usually used for dog poop, but I carry several for when I am in sensitive areas. Do not poop or pee within 200 feet of a0ny water source. I have been known to cover mine waste with a huge flat rocks, otherwise I carry it out in blue bags. Snag some when you are on a local paved trail. Put your hand into the blue bag and carefully pick up poop, then turn it inside out and tie it off. Clip it to the outside of your pack, not inside. A trowel works to bury your waste but must be at least 6-8 inches deep. Then cover with a rock. National Parks and Wilderness areas require you to carry your waist out.
Carry hand sanitizer then rinse with water.
WILDFLOWER BOOK
Be sure to check out our wildflower section, under ACTIVITYIES.
Buy a Audubon Society wildflower book and carry it on hikes to identify flowers and eventually wow fellow hikers on your wildflower knowledge. Tree books are another wow factor.
It also acts as reading material of fire starter if needed.
Recently, Amy, a hiking partner showed me her “SEEK” app by iNaturalist.
It’s a free app that identifies most living things. Very cool app.
WATER CONSERVATION
When water is in short supply, I carry Orbit sugarless gum to create saliva. Chew small 1/4 inch pieces at a time. It also helps with reflux disease or heartburn in small doses.
Remember salt causes you to need water. Eat chips, Cheetos, etc only at lunch.
When I'm running low on water, I only take small sips and gargle, and swallow. When I'm really low on water or food, I always ration small portions and try always to walk out with leftovers.
CLIP TOE NAILS
Before any serious hiking that involves steep terrain, cut your toe nails close. After the first toenail loss you will learn. In my first aid kit is a small toenail clippers. I have stopped and clipped when I feel discomfort.
LISTEN AND FEEL YOUR BODY. TREAT POTENTIAL ISSUES AND PAINS AS SOON AS YOU FEEL THEM. if you wait until you get a chance, it may be too late. Make sure your hiking companions are aware also. Treating a hotspot is easier than treating a blister.
At the beginning of a huge long hike I tell all hikers to please let me know of discomfort when it's a small issue. I also tell them that we may hike at different speeds. If they or you get ahead, stop at each trail split and wait. Or use your ski poles or boot to draw an arrow up the trail you are headed.
SPARE CLOTHES
Have a full set of hiking cloths and street cloths in your car at all times. After a wet or sweaty hike, fresh cloths are a blessing.
Spare hiking clothes may fill a gap for stupid fellow hikers.
On a serious hike, question your hiking partners to be sure they all have what they need to be safe, warm and dry. Each hiker should have spare socks, hats and gloves. Wool is much better than synthetics when wet.
BASE LAYERS
Base layer long johns are a must even in warm weather. They wick moisture away from the core and keep you dry.
Go online and buy a brand called "Indera". The ones you want are grey and white, only. The outer layer (grey) is Morino wool, while the inner layer (white) is polypropylene. They only cost around 16$ each piece and out preform the best high priced stuff.
My very expensive Patagonia doesn't come close to my Indera.
You could buy two full sets of Indera for the price of one piece of high tech pro.
ESSENTIAL NECKLACE
In mountaineering we make a necklace on which are several items we need. Small containers of suntan lotion, a small knife or clippers, Chapstick and a whistle. Kayaking whistles are small and flat.
By wearing these you don't have to stop or dig into your pocket to treat for sun injuries etc.
SEWING KIT
Carry tooth floss with sewing needles inside for repairs. Wrap a length of heavy duty thread around something in your first aid kit for major repairs. Small collapsible scissors are useful.
Sharpen scissors by cutting aluminum foil folded 6 times.
PARTNER AWARENESS
Keep an eye on your partner closely. If they act funny, carelessly, outside of reasonable behavior, stop and assess the problem thoroughly. Heat, cold, dehydration, hunger, excessive sweating, clammy skin, red eyes, sun burn or sun stroke, limping, jitters, shaking, drowsiness, slurred speech, stupid behavior, grouchiness, lethargy, unwillingness to cooperate, angry behavior, swelling of hand and fingers, rudeness, among other unusual behavior are signs of something wrong. Assess their behavior and deal with issues as soon as they arise. If they get angry for your concern, turn around and tell them you are heading back to the car. Then do not hike with them anymore.
They can become a hazard to you, others and themselves.
DRY CLOTHING AND BAGS
Dry all items completely when you get home. In the field try to dry everything. Hang sleeping bags to dry inside out. Take rain fly off your tent as soon as you wake up. Keep mosquito net zipped to dry interior and keep bugs out. If bags are wet, have your partner help you ring out your bags. Do not dry your boots by a campfire. It shrinks the stitching and will allow your boots to get soaked inside when you cross a stream.
SANDALS OR TENNIS SHOES
When backpacking, carry a light pair of sandals or tennis shoes for around camp. Do not carry flip flops.
If you find yourself by a snow field or cold stream while on a tough hike, take your shoes off and do a Sherpa Fun Run on the snow or soak your feet to revitalize them. Dry thoroughly.
Don't eat yellow or red snow.
TIME AWARENESS
Always keep tracked of your time. Turn back at a prescribed time so you don't have to walk out in the dark. Eat lunch and drink water before you have a need. Eat trail snacks with lots of protein as you walk.
WEATHER
Learn weather patterns and cloud types to predict incoming weather. Be prepared and be safe. Know hitch way the wind blows normally in your area. Usually from the west.
LIGHTNING
Stay off ridges or from under wet trees.
On Mt Hood once, we hiked up thru an electrical storm. Our hair stuck out like an Afro, our metal items began to hum, our compasses spun wildly. Get away from your metal gear by separating them from your pack. Usually electrical storms pass pretty fast. If severe set your tent up and hunker down. No metal inside, and separate your metal objects so they don't get welded together. But most of all enjoy the light show.
HYPOTHERMIA
One can hypothermia in 60 degree temps, even 70's if cloths are wet. To get warm fast, if its safe, walk up hill until you get warm. Body to body contact is often necessary. Warm fluids without sweeteners are also good. Sweaty or wet cloths must come off.
Hand warmers placed on your neck, arm pits, inner thighs, toes and fingers will warm you up. If cold, stand with your sleeping bag upside down and you in it. Unzip the foot end and poke your head out. Sleep in your long johns to combat cold and sweaty sticky skin.
SNOW TRAVEL AND SNOW BLINDNESS
If you find yourself on snow, look for sticks or sharp blade rocks to use as "ice axes". If you slip, dig in fast and stop your slide immediately. Be proactive and act fast.
Kick steps that lean into the slope. Protect those steps before you so others have good foot holds. Lean slightly into the slope, using your poles for support. If the slope is icy, stay off.
If you are spending too much time on the snow you can get snow blind. Use the Gorilla Duct Tape to make small slits on your glasses. Less bright light will allow you to get out.
CAMERAS, PHONES AND EYEGLASSES
Before you go into the woods, dab a small amount of clear fingernail polish on all exterior screw heads. They tend to vibrate loose and can fall out.
Tree roots
Watch out for tree roots on the trail. They are always slippery.
BOOZE
Booze in the woods mimics warmth but actually cools your skin. Don't get drunk in the woods. It also dehydrates you.
CAMP FIRES
Make sure all fires are out. Test by putting your hands in the ashes. You can use grocery bags to carry water to the fire pit.
In 2024, I came upon 3 smoldering camp fires. Fortunately, I carry a dozen grocery bags. so I was able to extinguish them.
BEFORE YOU FORGET....STOCK YOUR PACK WITH A DOZEN OR SO.
YOU TOO CAN PREVENT FOREST FIRES.
KEEP YOUR GEAR CLEAN.
Dirty gear causes them to stain and wear out early.
SAND DUNES
If you hike in sand dunes or on beaches, it’s wise to carry an eye wash cup. Once on the coast the winds filled my eyes with sand.
It was not fun..
SKINNED KNEES, ELBOWS AND HANDS.
Clean wounds carefully. Treat with antiseptic lotion and bandage. Don't shrug it off.
MACHO ATTITUDE
Leave your ( not necessarily you) macho attitude at home.
It kills people every year.
FUN ATTITUDE
If people aren't fun on hikes, don't hike with them. Bitchy people are a pain in the woods.
ALTERNATIVE HIKES
Years ago the Spokane Mountaineers did a study on how many hikes, climbs, paddles, etc actually go off as planned.
We found that about 40% of the trips don't occur due to unforeseen causes.
With this in mind, always have an alternative event to fill in when yours doesn't happen. I have in my van a box of maps, guide books, and printouts just for this purpose. Make photocopies of hikes to refer to so the day is not lost.
TAKE NOTES ON HIKES.
With your pad and pen, record the pertinent info about your hike.
Trail heads change, roads get re directed, etc.
START A JOURNAL
By starting a journal early, you can refer back to it about how the trip was, what temps, trail hazards, road hazards, etc.
I use my slide collection for just that reason. I also write on a calendar where I'm going and/or where I've been. By doing this I've used it to to identify hikes in my slide collection.
It also becomes a badge of honor. When someone asks you about a trip and you pull out your journal, they will be impressed.
Over time the hardships of a hike fade. Having a reference may keep you from making a trip you didn't like.
I often advise people on hikes I've done. Having a reference makes it easy to recall details. Plus it brightens your day when you see all you've done.
BUYING BOOTS AND THER GEAR
Boots and other hiking gear get cleared out by stores to make room for new stock. This usually happens at the end of their season.
Utilize websites like mountaingear.com, backcountry.com, steepandcheap.com ( one great deal at a time ), overstock.com, Sierratradingpost.com, REI.com. Look at their clearance section for deals. Shop retail stores for the same reason.
MENTOR NEWBIES
I found years ago when I taught astronomy to school kids, that I learned more while teaching them, then out of books. By passing along "wisdoms" you learn how to teach, and you learn a lot about yourself. They will become in awe of you and your knowledge. Passing along info is very rewarding. Kinda like passing along this stuff to you. I'm honored.
TECHNOLOGY VS NATURE
Society today is very reliant on technology, which is okay.
But it is thru nature that we find our true selves.
When stress piles up and you don't know which way to turn, turn to nature. Spend some time alone in the mountains. Soon you will notice that the perspective you've been viewing may not match the true feelings within yourself. The cobwebs of stress will start to fall away. What is left, is you. Within you are the answers you seek. But it is very important to temper your answers with good common sense.
FRIENDSHIPS
Some of my most treasured friend have come from hiking with them. Some haven't tho.
THE #1 RULE IN KAYAKING
As you are sitting in your kayak, it is imperative to never allow your nose to extend outside your cockpit rim. You must twist your body so as to not lean outside this parameter. If you do, you will quickly learn of your mistake.
KAYAKING ADVISE
In my 40+ years of kayaking, I have only gone over when I was getting into my kayak at the shoreline.
Carry a dry bag with the following in it:
A large beach towel
Top & bottom fleece clothes
Stocking cap, wool gloves, wool socks.
Hand warmers
Your 13 essential pouch.
Buy rubber boots so you can kayak in cooler weather, or mucky shore lines. This time of year is the most calm and quiet, and has fewer boats and jet skis.
Wash your kayak when ever you come out of polluted or dirty water.
Use car wax to polish your boat and paddle. It will keep your boat and paddle from becoming dingy and dull.
Protect your paddle. Its your way home. Don't let it hit rocks etc.
Tie a 10' rope to the bow for multiple uses.
Keep you phone, camera, wallet etc in a dry sack.
When setting out, alway paddle into the wind. I have paddled with the wind for a couple of hours, then it took me twice as long to return, and I spent 4 times the energy to get back. Notice the winds and put in so the above can be achieved.
During the day the breezes tend to blow from water to land.
In the afternoon/evening they tend to blow from land to water.
When you are stroking your paddle, try to keep your hands and paddle low, or below your head. People that do dramatic strokes and dip their paddle deep are expending way to much energy.
If the winds are high, do not try to turn 180 degrees. The winds may knock you down.
Get proficient in paddling. Because paddling with the Eagles in winter is a delight.
When you are starting a paddle, paddle fast to get to a speed you can maintain, then lighten up your stroke to maintain that speed.
Take 15 second breaks, set your paddle down in your lap, rest your arms, then continue paddling.
Apply sun tan lotion as needed. Wear your Sunday Afternoon hat to protect ears and face
Below are manufacturer of freeze dried hiking meals.
heather’s choice.com
bushkaskitchen.com
fernwehfoodco.com
gourmetkickz.com
heatherschoice.com
nomadnutrition.co
outdoorherbivore.com
packitgourmet.com
trailtopia.com
mountainhouse.com
maryjanesfarms
backpackerspantry.com
patagoniaprovisions.com
rightontrek.com/meals/store
If you have any suggestions on the above topics, please use our contact form. When I include it in this section, I will credit you for your advise.
j
13 ESSENTIALS
THIS SECTION IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT...... IF YOU DON’T GET ANYTHING OUT OF THIS SITE. HEED THIS SECTION.
THE 13 essentials have a drop down menu page.
PLEASE, make up a complete essentials pouch for every person in your family, and make sure each companion has them, and knows how to use them.
Earlier in the winter of 2021, a father and daughter went to the Cabinet Mountain Wilderness, for a day of backcountry skiing on Engle Peak.
The father was on a cornice when it broke off, sending him sliding down the mountain. He and his daughter got separated. They spent the night out about 600 feet apart, but didn’t know it.
The father, had most all the food and emergency supplies. They both survived, but the daughter spent a terrible night alone on a mountain.
Or, what if you are separated and you puncture your leg or arm. And the other hiking partner has the First Aid Kit?
Each person must be responsible for his or her safety and care.
If one has only a half bottle of water and a candy bar, their chances are poor to survive a night out, especially in the early spring, late fall and winter.
But it can get cold even in the summer.
This also applies to all food, snacks, and water.. If you carry the supplies for your spouse, and you find yourself unfound, what are they going to do.
Its really simple,
13+ ESSENTIALS
These item are to be carried by EVERY INDIVIDUAL, whether hiking solo or in a group. Couples are especially encouraged to carry their own 13 essentials, as well as their own food, water, and first aid supplies, just in case one or the other gets separated from their spouse or group.
PLEASE, ERROR ON THE SIDE OF CAUTION.
NEVER rely on others. And know your equipment inside and out, before venturing into nature.
KNOWLEDGE is the most important thing you can take into the mountains.
- FIRE STARTER.
- Waterproof matches, lighters, small road flares (for winter conditions).
There are commercial pastes, matches, and other types of fire starters on the market. - When in nature, you may notice the stringy lichen hanging from tree limbs. Beard lichen is an excellent fire starter, and can be used as a sponge for collecting water.
- Another use for something we all have around the house is dryer lint. Wrap it in paper like a tube, in a ziplock baggie, or stuff into an extra light container. Keep them in your 13 essentials for emergency use. See “HINTS”
- RAIN GEAR, UMBRELLA, PONCHO.
- It is essential that you stay as dry as possible. Rain suits tend to be too hot, while ponchos have more breathing ability. An umbrella is my choice for any hike that may be raining or snowing. Always carry a large lawn bag with many paper towels folded up.
- The lawn bag can be used as rain gear, and weights very little.
- MAP & COMPASS...GPS
- These items are useful tools
- . A GPS IS NOT A REPLACEMENT FOR A MAP & COMPASS, and the knowledge to use them. Batteries die, but maps stay operational. Always have a copy of the National Forest Map, and topo map to the area you are hiking. A National Forest map, and a topo map are important for each member of the outing to have in case of separation or adverse weather conditions. They can be copies in a ziplock bag.
- If nothing else, PLEASE make a copy of the area you will be visiting, for each hiking partner.
- You must calibrate your watch that has a compass built into it, as well as your GPS.
- EXTRA FOOD.
- Always carry extra food, maybe in the form of energy bars, but always high in protein. Choose an energy bar that does not require a lot of water to digest. Change out often.
- A way to tell if your energy/protein bars are a good choice, is to look at the carbohydrates in the bar. Then look at the proteins. The proteins should be higher then the carbs.
- My choice is a MET RX bar. They are available in the pharmacy at Walmart. They have 32 grams of protein and 18 vitamins and minerals.
- EXTRA WATER OR WATER PURIFIER
- Becausevwater is not always available along some trails, carrying enough water is paramount. I often drop water bottles along an out and back route, so I don’t have to carry so much water the full distance. Mark location carefully. See “HINTS”
- EXTRA CLOTHING
- Socks come to mind as an important item to have in case your feet get wet. A micro-fiber cloth works well and dries quickly. Other items may include polar fleece jacket and/or pants, spare wool or fleece gloves, stocking caps, and face masks. See “HINTS”
- In the winter, I carry a Road Flare. They burn at 1500+°, and can start wet wood.
- PAPER TOWELS & TROWEL
- I suggest paper towels over toilet paper, because a blow is very messy. The USFS suggests that all human waste be buried at least 6 inches deep, AND AT LEAST 200 FEET FROM ANY WATER SOURCE. THAT INCLUES PEE.
- I carry several ziplock bags of paper towels in my pack. They are light, and can be of great value, if needed.
- SHELTER
- A piece of plastic sheeting and twine will suffice for a shelter if needed. However, a very light bivy tent is a good choice. There are other options to consider.
- HEADLIGHT & EXTRA BATTERIES
- I date my batteries when I install them in my headlight. Modern LED/LCD/COB headlights don’t need spare bulbs, so a second headlight is advised. Check the batteries before every trip to make sure you will have light when needed.
A COB type of headlight floods the view with way more lumens , hence I've noticed that depth of field and obstacles awareness is improved substantially. See “HINTS” - KNIFE
- I carry several sizes of knives. One for small work like cutting up apples, but a large one if I’m on a potential difficult hike. A large Bowie type knife can be used to make kindling. See “HINTS”
- FIRST AID KIT
- You must decide what you take with you. Be extra careful in your selection of proper First Aid supplies.
- Remember, you are responsible for yourself.
- Carry what you may need, and add as necessary. Feminine pads are great items to have in your first aid kit.
- Once on a week long ski trip in Kokanee Glacier National Park, one of the women started her period early. She was two weeks early, so she was in a bad way. We made a game of creating pads from the very sparse inventory of materials. It worked. And think of this...you could be a savior in case of a normal emergency. See “HINTS”
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- SIGNALING DEVISES
- A whistle, canned air horn, or a mirror work well.
- SUN TAN LOTION & SUN PROTECTION
- Make
- sure your sun tan lotion is always fresh, and close at hand. I prefer a large sun hat like Sunday Afternoon, Solaris, or Sun Blocker. 100% UVA/UVB/IRA sun glasses are wise. If you spend time on snow, side and nose shades on sun glasses will protect your eyes and nose from reflected rays. Snow blindness is a very serious affliction while out. See”HINTS”.
Benefits Franklin once said…
“IF YOU FAIL TO PLAN, YOU ARE PLANNING TO FAIL”
WAYS TO TELL DIRECTIONS
NORTH STAR
At night, if the sky’s are clear, locate the Big Dipper. Go to the cup of the dipper, and find the two stars furthest away from the handle. From the bottom star, draw a line up past the upper star. Continue up to the Little Dipper. The first star is the North Star.
SUN AND STICK METHOD
If the sun is out, pound a stick in the dirt/snow, and place a marker at the top of the stick’s shadow.
Wait 15+ minutes and place a marker at the top of the sticks shadow.
Draw a line from one marker to the next. These two markers are west on the left to east on the right.
Now draw a line perpendicular to the west-east line. North is above, and south is below.
USING A WATCH
If you have a digital watch, pretend it’s a dial watch.
Place the hour hand at the sun.
Go to the minute hand, and then find a line between the two hands.
South is half way between the two hands, and north is in the opposite direction.
FLOATING MAGNETIC METAL
First, find a pond or even a cup of water.
Next take a small paper clip and rub it on another larger piece of metal, to magnetize the paper clip.
Set the paper clip on a leaf, styrofoam, small wood block.
Let it set for a while, out of the wind.
The paper clip will eventually point to magnetic north.
Know the area you are in, and observe the True North from the Magnetic North.
Or to make all this easy….dig out your compass. It will never fail you.
I have, attached to my pack strap a small thermometer and compass, for easy access.
However, the compass arm may be affected by any magnetized metal close by.
Isolate the small compass to determine what way is north.
ARE YOU DIRECTIONALLY CHALLENGED.
A few people have the ability know what direction north is at the drop of a hat. But most don’t.
An easy way to instantly find the North Pole, is to train yourself and your hiking/skiing partner, way before you head out into Nature.
Do this, by often asking your partner to point to the north. Or east, west, or south.
When you ask your partner what direction is east is, for instance, your partner should point to the direction without too much thot.
This method should be practiced often, so you know your partner can tell direction.
GOOGLE EARTH
As a backup, I screenshot images of my route both vertical and horizontal. By using two fingers on the screen, pull down, and the perspective will be horizontal.
Write notes on your phone for reference in the route and turns you need to take.
The more info and maps each person has, increases the odds on surviving a separation or being lost, I mean unfound. I try never to be lost. I said tried!
CLOTHING
Clothing is a critical issue for anyone going into nature. If you don’t dress appropriately, you will pay a price. The following information is meant to show you the best, least expensive way of dressing yourself for success on the trail.
First and MOST IMPORTANT...”COTTON KILLS” in the mountains. I love my soft cotton shirts and other clothing while around the house or town, but I never wear cotton in the mountains. Cotton tends to soak up sweat as you work thru tough hikes. Then you are wet. If the weather changes or you go deep into the woods, your bodies core temps can drop to dangerous levels.
Below are some suggestions that have worked for me over the last many decades. They may or may not work for you. And that’s okay.
BASE LAYERS
The base layer is worn next to your skin, and is designed to wick any moisture away from your body.
There are so many options when choosing a base layer. The way you decide, is to try a brand out. If it works, buy it. If it doesn’t, keep researching options until you find a product that works for you.
All major manufactures make state of the art base layers. But that isn’t to say they are the best for you.
For those wanting warmth and wicking capabilities, I’d suggest Indera Two Layer Pro, SEE BOTTOM.
I’ve skied for 64 years and have found nothing to match the Indera Two Layer tops and bottoms. The inside is polypropylene, while the outer layer is Moreno wool.
If I have one gripe about the Indera, it is that the waist band deteriorates after a lot of washing. But for about 22$ per piece, it’s a great buy and works well.
To repair the waist band, fold a small amount together on both sides, while wearing them. Once they feel snug, take them off and sew the folds together.
I always buy a size larger than needed. That wise, it creates more loft. More loft means warmer bodies.
THERMO LAYER
The next layer is the thermo layer. The thermo layer is designed to keep you warm. They come in weights like 200 grams or higher. The thicker the fleece weight, the warmer the garment. For those on a budget, look for an off brand within your budget.
In late fall or winter, the mountain temperatures can get chilly. I always carry my down jacket for breaks, lunch or any time I’m cold.
OUTER LAYER
Your outer layer is designed to not necessarily only keep you warm, but dry.
Do not scrimp on your outer layer. They should have features like a hood with a draw string to fit your head snuggly, removable hood, and a small sun visor. Other important features are a powder skirt to keep the snow out, pit zips to cool our self ( the larger the better), easy open and close pockets, and completely waterproof. Look below for washing and treating.
WOOL
Wool has been used by people for centuries. It’s biggest plus, is when it’s wet, it’s still warm. Secondly, it very inexpensive, as apposed to the high tech fabrics. Don’t disregard the importance of wool.
PREASURE BREATHING
Pressure breathing is a way of breathing that allows more oxygen into your blood stream. As you are approaching a steeper section of a trail, inhale deeply. Then purse your lips like you would do if you were blowing out a candle at arms length. Blow steadily thru your restricted lips. By the time you reach the summit, you will understand why pressure breathing is important to know. In the winter, it makes you feel warmer.
On lower angle slopes, you don't need to restrict your exhale as much as on steep slopes. Change your exhale to meet your circumstances.
CAMERA
A camera with fully charged batteries and lots of memory, can be a useful tool. I have used my camera to shoot back at trail intersections or Y’s to make sure I don’t miss key turn offs, upon returning.
I also carry a dozen 18” lengths of bright pink surveyors tape. I loop the tape over a branch, then pull the ends thru th loop. This allows me to easily retrieve the tape as I walk past it. Do not tie the tape. Future hikers may think its the way to go. and it may not apply to them.
Also, if you are going off trail, take an image of the direction and area you are headed. Once you get way over there, it just doesn’t look like it did from way back there. An image may be useful in choosing the route you need to go.
I use screen shots of goggle maps. I draw the proposed route, and use them to understand my surroundings in the field.
You can shoot vertical and horizontal images of the route, and refer to them on your phone.
Having said this...DO NOT FAIL TO TAKE A FOREST MAP & TOPO MAP, AND A FMPASS, ON EACH TRIP. BATTERIES DIE.
RESPONSIBLE PERSON
Tell your responsible person where you are going & when to call the sheriff if you are overdue. If you change your destination, make sure your responsible person knows where your new destination is. If you don’t, you run the chance of not being found in a timely manor.
And make sure your call or text to your responsible person is received.
We have included on each trip write up, the Sheriff’s phone numbers for that particular hike.
And please remember, if you call a sheriffs office, they may ask for a photo of the person. The picture needs to be a face on shot, without glasses or hats.
The reason you call the sheriff is in case of an EMERGENCY. Please don’t waste their time and resources, if it’s not an emergency.
MISCELLANEOUS
BUGS AND INSECTS
While on backpacking trip or around a campfire, you can find old rotting wood (from long downed and rotting trees), and set them smoldering.
Place these chunks of wood on rocks around your area to repel bugs and insects.
BE EXTRA CAREFUL NOT TO IGNITE SURROUNDING DRY FUEL.
HEADLIGHT
-Types of headlights. Now a days, we have LED and LCD headlamps to show our way. There is, however, a new type of headlight to consider. A (Circuit On Board) COB headlamp, scatters the light and allows for more depth of field as you walk. I carry one of each with extra batteries, on every outing.
THIS IS MY OPINION. YOU MAY NOT AGREE, AND THATS OKAY.
What would you do, if you were on an extended hike, and it gets dark, and your batteries die. Obviously, you would replace them.
But many outlets and online stores are selling rechargeable headlights.
What do you do if the lithium batteries die?
I know a lot of you are younger hikers, and use electronics in the woods.
Like electronic compasses, rechargeable headlights are not your only option.
Old school items tend not to be a better choice. You can change out the batteries.
FIRST AID
-First Aid Kit are a must for EVERY participant. If you get separated from your group and gouge you leg, you will need your own FIRST AID KIT. They should include a variety of band-aids, compression bandages, antiseptic creams, butterfly bandages, alcohol wipes, gauze wraps, Conan wraps, hand sanitizer, and feminine hygiene pads (even if you are a guy), to name a few, are a must.
“SPENCO 2nd SKINS BURN PADS” by Spenco are a must. If a heel feels hot, STOP Immediately, clean the area with an alcohol wipe and apply a Second Skin Burn Pad. I prefer the type you have to cut to size, as apposed to the patches. After cleaning the area, cut to size and apply as directed. I carry athletic tape to secure the 2nd Skins. You will be amazed at how well this product works, and your ability to get up and walk away without pain. I also carry several different types of Coban’s self adhesive wraps for a verity of needs. I found a long version at the Dollar Tree store fir $1.25.
Whatever you decide to carry, practice placement and proper cleanliness, so you know how to properly treat an injury.
Im not a fan of Ace bandages. If they are applied too tight, you could restrict blood flow.
PLEASE don’t stab yourself at home to make it real!
It is imperative to change out old or used supplies for new items. Nothing is more frustrating than to need an item you are out of. If anything gets wet or dirty, toss it out and resupply your First Aid Kit. Always pick up your bandage papers and wipes before you leave the area.
After stabilizing a victim, do a care analysis of the victim. Ask where their pain is, it’s intensity level, and visually examine.
A good rule of thumb is D.O.T.S.
D- DEFORMATION of extremities, spine, neck, hips, arms and legs.
O-OPEN WOUNDS. Trea for bleeding immediately. Other than a pulse and breathe in, controlling bleeding is essential..
T-TENDERNESS. Check the victim very carefully. Examine any areas of tenderness for additional injuries.
S-SWEELING. While checking for tenderness, take note of any area that shows any degree of swelling.
There is an online CPR and First Aid Course, you can take.
Log onto…..cprandfirstaid.net
The more you know, could just save a life.
METHODS TO START A FIRE
Always carry waterproof matches, extra lighters.
The more you have with you, the better off you will be, in case of an emergency
There are waterproof, windproof, lighters that will work in altitude.
Of these, there are some that are rechargeable.
They are great because they done use fuel. However, batteries die.
If you rely on these, carry a power stick to recharge as needed.
So always have a many lighters or other forms of fire starters as back ups.
I always carry several ziplock bags with folded paper towels, for many uses.
The most important is of course, toilet paper.
The next important reason is to use the paper towels to start the fire with.
WINTER AND COLD TEMPS
If you recreate in cold weather, including winter, you will be wise to carry a road flair or two.
They burn at about 1500° or more, and can start even wet wood on fire.
TINDER
In Nature there is a lot of flammable stuff to find and use to start your fire. All must be dryish.
Pine Needles
River Birch bark
Cattails….twist the cattail to expose the the stringy fibers inside
Most any thistle. But be ware, thistles are a pain
Cedar Bark, cut up or scrape for fine fire strarter
Dried orange peels
Potato and/or corn chips
Most all tree bark
Dry grasses
Beard Lichen is the dry stringy material that hangs down off of tree limbs
MAKING TINDER
Everyone should have a knife with them. Hold the knife perpendicular to a stick of wood, and shave downward, but not off the stick. This will make a bundle of shavings that will be easier to on fire.
Using your knife, shave a stick like you do to when sharpen a pencil. Gather the shavings and place them near where you want to start the fire.
Continue slicing any wood you find into several different sizes of tinder.
The more you make, the better
Build a log cabin style of tinder, that you can add the first small burning tinder to.
HOW TO BUILD A FIRE STRUCTURE
There are several ways to build your fire structure.
Gather a lot of different sizes of tinder and fire wood, and place them near the spot you want to build your fire.
A TEPEE STRUCTURE
Start by placing the small dry tinder in a mound.
Some dry leaves can be place between your hands. Rub your hands together with the leaves in them. Soon you will have a lot of small dry tinder to use.
Then stack slightly larger tinder in the shape of a tepee. Leave a small hole near the base of the tepee, to place the burning tinder in.
Add larger sticks to the outside of the tepee until you have a lot of wood around the tepee.
Be sure to leave enough space in the wood structure to allow proper air flow.
When you have gathered a lot of material to burn, light your small tinder on fire and place it inside the tepee.
Add larger tinder and wood as the fire starts burning the tepee.
LOG CABIN STRUCTURE
As the title suggest, build a log cabin of medium size tinder.
Then do all the steps above in the TEPEE STRUCTURE.
A RAFT STRUCTURE
Build a square or rectangular structure out of any material laying around. The structure can be made of rocks.
The advantage of using rocks, is they get hot and radiate heat.
Then do all the steps above in the TEPEE STRUCTURE.
Store bought and homemade fire starters
Vaseline and cotton or lint. Mix together in a bowl, but make sure some cotton or lint isn’t saturated with Vaseline.
Pack tightly in a light weight can.
Twine can be spooled and use to start fires.
A 9 volt battery and steel wool. Have your tinder built and ready. When the steel wool starts to burn, get it to the tinder fast.
A magnifying glass can be used to start a fire, as well as reading small print on a map, or used to remove splinters.
In an egg carton, pack each indentation with dryer lint. Then light a candle and drip the hot wax onto the lint. Mix together and let set up. Pop them out of the egg carton and store in a ziplock, inside a small can.
A BOW FIRE HAND DRILL
Items you will need.Twine, rope, or shoe lace
Knife 6"
Find a 2" diameter bowed (arched) shape branch about 2-3 feet long. Tie the cord to each end to look like a bow (bow & Arrow).
Find a dry 2' diameter stick, and carve one end into a point.
Find a piece of wood that you can split with your knife, and dig a 1' diameter divot into the the wood close to the edge, then cut a slot out of the edge.
Wrap the cord around the pointed stick, and place the pointed stick into the divot.
Have ready some small dry kindling, atop a piece of dry wood.
Place the upper part of the stick against your knee for stability.
Use the bow to rotate the stick in the hole. Soon the pointed stick will start to smolder. Blow on the smoldering wood to fan the fire.
Once the kindling starts to burn, sweep it off onto the kindling. Blow on it to fan the flames.
This method may take some time if you can"t find dry wood.
If the tree branches around you have stringy moss hanging off the branches, use it as kindling.
OTHER METHODS
There are commercial fire pastes, fire sticks that look like fat matches with strickers.
Make up a small tin of dryer lint saturated with vaseline
On winter hikes, take a road flare. They burn at 1500° or more, and can start wet wood on fire.
I always carry several ziplock bags for table napkins, paper hand towels, toilet paper, etc. They can be used for many needs.
You can use the 6" knife and a small 16", 3" diameter branch to chop wood.
Place some wood on a rock vertically, and your knife blade down on top of the wood.
Holding your knife steady, use the branch to pound the knife down thru the wood. The smaller the kindling the easier to start.
As stated above, if the tree branches have stringy lichen hanging from its branches, called Beard Lichen , collect a lot of it to use as "kindling" starter.
You also can pull bark off a tree, and use the driest wood inside as starter.
Use your imagination to create and carry what you may need in an emergency.
Start by sticking a long piece of kindling into the ground above your tinder at about a 30-degree angle, with the other end of the stick pointing into the wind. Then lean smaller pieces of kindling against both sides of the longer piece to build a tent. As the kindling catches fire add more kindling, followed by your firewood.
A log cabin design, pyramid, teepee, and a lean-to, is a good structure to build a fire.
USING WATER TO START A FIRE
Another method of making fire, is to use water. What you say? How can I use water to make a fire?
I always carry an assortment of ziplock bags in my pack, for multiple uses.
Fill a ziplock about 1/3rd full of water, and twist the ziplock so the water is in a corner of the baggie.
Collect an assortment of twigs, Beard Lichen, and any other flammable material, and create a teepee, lean-to, or log cabin design of tinder.
Hold the water filled baggie above the tinder, and let the sun magnify the heat that is created.
Soon the light tinder will start to burn. Place the burning material under your tinder, and you have fire.
USING A WATER BOTTLE TO START A FIRE
If you have a clear water bottle, fill it to the brim and cap it.
As the sun shines thru the bottle, notice an area opposite the sun that is bright white on the ground.
Tip the bottle to maximize the amount of area the sun shines on.
Use whatever tinder is available, by stacking it up. Have several different sizes of tinder available so you can add to the tinder once it starts on fire.
Once tinder starts to burn, add the next smallest size tinder. Then add larger size tinder until you have a fire.
FLINT AND STEEL STRIKERS
Flint and Steel strikers work very well to start fires. before you go out on a hike, practice how to use them.
Use an eye glass lens and the sun to start a fire.
FIRE STARTER
Listed below are types of fire starters, but the following can help getting damp or wet woods to light. In a forest, there usually is the light green or black stringy moss that hangs from tree branches, called Beard Lichen. Not only does it make a good fire starter, it can be used like a sponge to collect water.
Solid fuel fire starter. Some look like thick matches.
Magnesium Fire Strikers do well if they are dry.
Fire Starter Pastes are another option.
PACK IT IN- PACK IT OUT.
The USFS does not have the staff or time to clean up the many trails and campsites within their districts. Please clean up after yourself and others if needed. And please remember, aluminum foil and glass DO NOT BURN. Please pack them out.
-An old saying goes...”if you can carry it in full, you can certainly carry it out empty.”
LEAVE NO TRACE. OR…”If it ain’t growing there, it doesn’t belong there.” Quote from Louisiana Law, Cpl.Michael Cook
As states and the USFS don’t have the staff to clean up after you. Please clean up your, and others messes.
Leave No Trace principles can be learned from any Forest Ranger Station.
FREEZE DRIED FOOD MANUFACTURERS
On a recent trip up near Priest Lake, we noticed that if you let the pouch sit for over 15 minutes, the freeze dried meals taste much better.
The following are companies that make freeze dried meals for hiking and backpacking, with a twist.
I would like to invite you to tell us about your experience and taste of the foods listed below. Contact Chic thru this website.
Recently we realized that after you pour your boiling water into the food pouch, seal it and let it sit for about for a total of 20+ minutes.
This tends to soften the freeze dried food more and mixes the flavors better
TRIP PLANNING
Make wise decisions on where you want to go.
Refer to maps, guide books, websites, store personnel and friends, etc.
Choose your hiking partners carefully.
If they seem iffy, choose a hike that is within their capability.
If you are leading the hike, be sure that each hiker has the 13 essentials, rain gear or umbrella, adequate water or water purifier, sit pad for wet or rough ground, and a map with directions.
13 ESSENTIALS
1. Extra food and water.
Include high energy protein bars.
In the Walmart pharmacy they sell 3 flavours of Premier Protein with 30 grams of protein. At least 1 extra quart of water.
2. Extra clothing.
Socks, gloves, umbrella, wool hat, rain hat, etc.
3. Fire starter.
Store bought gels, fire matches, road flares. Flares burn at 1700 degrees and can start fires in the winter or wet conditions.
Home made. Dryer lint stuffed into a very light container ( can add Vaseline to lint or cotton, a ziplock stuffed with paper towels or napkins, etc.
4. Matches or lighters.
Waterproof container with striker, several lighters wrapped in Saran Wrap and stored in each pack pocket.
5. Map.
USFS Topo maps are best. Include Forest maps for overall view info. You can download FS maps on the web. Keep in ziplock bags so they don't get wet.
6. Compass.
Use the type that have a clear plastic base for alignment and map info.
7. Headlight.
Try several out to see what you like. LED lights are hard to see detail and depth on the trail. Old fashion lights are much more detailed.
If LED, find one with an adjustable beam and power, like 100+ lums (brightness). I often put it around my neck or in my hand to show more contrast on the trail. Carry a small one for in the tent, and extra batteries ( change out every 6 months so they are fresh.)
8. Signalling devise.
Whistle, very light weight flashing red rear bike light, and extra batteries. Signalling mirror.
9. Knife
Light weight and small. For backpack trips, a hunting knife with a 6+ inch blade can be used to create kindling and firewood.
Use a small log to smack the blade thru the wood.
10. Emergency shelter.
Space blanket, bivy sack, tarp, a very large garbage bag. Cut out arm and neck holes. Buy a Sunday Afternoon Hat online.
As you hike, always keep in mind where rock overhangs or thick trees are to get out of the rain.
11. First Aid Kit.
Every spring change out all ingredients so items are fresh.
Include a roll of athletic tape and Second Skins for blisters. You can get them at Rite Aid. They are a lifesaver. Be sure to tell all on hike to let you know when hot spots or blisters occur ASAP.
Don't let them get to an emergency, deal with them at first notice. Tampacs are great bleeding stoppers. See sewing kit.
12. Paper towels. Toilet
Make up a ziplock bag full of paper towels for crapping. Add whips for clean up. Toilet paper blowouts are a bitch.
13. Sun protection.
Sun glasses with side shades on snow will help you from getting snow blindness. Sunday Afternoon hat, sun screen SPF 50 ( change out every spring), zinc oxide to cover nose on glaciers or snow.
Light weight propylene white gloves.
14. I make copies of all my technical gear instructions ( stove, gps, water purifier, first aid instructions, etc.), in a ziplock bag. Store in essentials pouch. When stressed, it helps to have direction.
15. MAKE SURE EVERY HIKING PARTNER HAS IT ALL. ONCE on a trip, one of a couple got separated and the other had the essentials leaving all in perl.
16. PAIN KILLER.
I carry Aleve or Tylenol for light pain.
17. COMMON SENSE.
Without common sense, things can get serious way to fast.
The leader or the one most experienced is in command. Keep an eye on them. Hypothermia can play nasty tricks on anyone.
I put all these in specific pouches for each sport or pack.
COLD WEATHER INJURIES.
Hypothermia can cause hikers to act funny, unzipped coats, remove gloves. If someone acts funny get them warm (hand warmers) fast. If you are camped, pump warm water down them.
If serious, naked body to body contact may be necessary.
HEAT INJURIES
Cool immediately, get out of the sun, hydrate until pee is clear.
Take a Wilderness First Aid course or Wilderness First Responder course and CPR classes. Work may pay for the class so you can help in work related emergencies. Ask HR.
I'll send you a form I use for serious hikes. It has all the contact info, medical info, allergies, medications, pass port number, contact info, for responsible person back home. Choose a really good friend for authorities to contact if needed. Be sure they know your medical presences for treatment. I joined MedFlight for helicopter extraction if needed. Costs only 60$ per year. Better than 10's of thousands for transportation.
FOOT BEDS
Amazon carries a very good foot pad made by Ironman.
Cut to fit. I have them in every boot I have, including ski boots.
WATER FILTERS.
Mine is First Need filter. It cleans out almost every contaminate including viruses. It is essential to read the instructions carefully.
You don't want to cross contaminate hoses or plug ins. Be sure to pump the pump until no water comes out on every use. Dry in the sun especially when you get home. Clean and dry all hoses and parts thoroughly.
In a pinch you can add two drops of bleach to a water bottle, shake and let sit for 15 minutes, then remove lid to evaporate the bleach. I have two friends I hike with, and this is all they use.
Find a light weight water bottle carrier to attach to your pack so drinking can be accessed easily. In hot weather, wet the holder to keep water cooler.
On a in and out hike on a trail, carry extra water 1/2 way to the turn around point and stash them in the shade. You won't have to carry them all the way in and you will have water for the last half of the hike.
I also carry a Sawyer Water Filtration System
UMBRELLA.
A small foot long folding umbrella will allow you to hike in the light rain without heavy sweat causing jacket.
MAPS, GUIDE BOOKS, AND INLANDNWROUTES.COM
Supply each hiker with a photocopy of a Topo map on one side, and guide book instructions on the other. Draw the car route in one color, and the hiking route in another color so people can't get confused. Yah right!
THERMOMETER
Find a small CLIP on thermometer for your pack strap. REI?
FACE TOWEL
I alway carry a towel for wiping my face on hot days. Designate the towel for your face only. Do not use on anything else.
SUN SCREEN
Sun screen should be replaced every late spring early summer so they are fresh. Last years sun screen may expire and cause burns.
Boot gaiters
Boot gaiters are great to keep out water and dirt. Have a light duty pair and a heavier snow gaiter. Be sure to waterproof them.
See below.
TREATING FOR WATERPROOFING.
Wash your technical gear in about 1/3rd cup of Arm & Hammer (Walmart). Rewash without A&H to rid the garment of any soaps.
While it’s still wet, spray with a quality DRW. I use a plastic glove to rub to rub it in, and work the seems.
Most all spray on treatment works great. Gearaids Durable Water Repellent is the best. Apply 2 or 3 coats with a day between each application. Apply 2 more coats to butt, arms, and shoulders. Wherever rain can gather.
MOST IMPORTANT only wear your technical gear when you are in the mountains. If you wear your jacket for instance, everyday, when you most need it, it may not preform as needed.
NOTE: The above DWR’s are safe for humans.
ADJUSTABLE HIKING POLES AND GORILLA DUCT TAPE
They allow you to maintain balance as you hike, without stressing your core abdomen muscles. Extend them long so you can use them like cross country skiing. Being long allows you to push as you walk. I walk 20% faster with them.
Wrap about 6 feet of Gorilla Duct Tape on each pole for emergencies. On a ski trip in Canada my ski boot separated.
I taped it shut and got out.
Put reflective tape on your poles to find at night.
CHOCOLATE
Do you like chocolate? What a dumb question. When hiking it's a mess to eat. Buy small bite size bars. They will melt in your pocket, so tear off a corner like ketchup packet, and squeeze out the delight without a mess. Buy variety packs for variety.
Meals.
I have become a specialist in mountain sandwiches. I carry fresh buns, lettuce chopped in a baggy lined with a damp paper towel.
The towel can be used as a wipe after lunch. Avocados, pickles, tomatoes, mayo, all in light weight containers so they don't leak or get squashed. If you make arrangements with you hiking partner, they can carry some of the load. Wrap two knifes in paper plates in a produce bag with a clip to hold them.
Take your favorite pop or libation for lunch. It beats water.
Wine comes in plastic bottles. Yahoo!
Be sure to carry chips, cookies, etc.
Small honey crisp apples are a treat. Carry in Tupperware like containers for preservation.
Years ago on a climb in the North Cascades, I broke out my lunch box and made a sandwich. One of the guys had only power bars. I eventually sold a sandwich to the guy for 15$. After all I carried it up 1500v.
COLD CONTAINERS
I found small containers for my meats and cheeses that are freezable.
They are EZ-Freeze Stayfit containers. The bottom is filled with freezer gel that even on the hottest days will keep your meat and cheeses cool and safe.
Look for them online. Mine measure 5x5x3".
WATER BOTTLES
Water bottles can be frozen with water in them for hot days.
When you freeze them, leave 3 " of space and freeze WITHOUT THE LIDS ON. Fill the 3" with water at the trailhead.
I personally don't like bladders because their cleaning is difficult.
A friend used them once and it leaked all over his extra clothes and food.
WATERPROOFING BOOTS.
Obenauf's Heavy Duty LP treatment works really well.
Wash boots with water only and let dry. Microwave Obenaur slightly so it applies easily. First apply generously to all stitching, seams and rand (where soles meat boot uppers), then apply everywhere else.
Let sit ( not by heat), then use a shoe brush to flake off residue.
Treat every time you notice the uppers get wet.
On a half day hike your feet will sweat as much as a pint of water. On a tough all day hike they can sweat as much as a quart a day. Wicking socks are a must. Thin sock liners can keep blisters away.
TECHNICAL PANTS AND SHIRTS.
Zip off convertible pants with vertical leg zips are a must.
You can remove leg bottoms without removing boots. I find a pair that fit well and have a seamstress add the ankle zips. Minimum Length (9" zips) are easier to remove over boots.
Technical shirts are uva & uvb protection for up to 50 SPF.
Both pants and shirts are very light weight and dry very fast.
Do not waterproof.
PACKS
Packs can be waterproofed so they don't get wet and weight a ton when wet.
If you sweat a lot Dueter packs have a curved back so there's a space between your body. Regular packs can be worn with a tight waste belts and loose shoulder straps so they separate from your back. Light weight packs are great for hard trips but aren't as rugged as normal packs.
As you replace your gear, choose Go Light gear. You may have to replace them more often, but every ounce counts when you are struggling up a hill.
PACK PACKING
When loading a pack the light gear goes on the bottom, with heavier gear in the top 1/3 next to your body. A pack that is thick away from your body causes you to bend forward and fatigues you easily.
EXTERNAL FRAME PACKS VERSES INTERNAL FRAME PACKS.
External Frame packs can carry way more weight because of all their pockets and attachment points, but are wobbly when in unbalanced situations.
Internal frame packs carry less weight but hug your body tightly so they are more stable. Light weight packs can weight as little as 10 ounces but have poor shoulder straps for comfort.
When you buy at REI, you pay more, but you can return them if they don't fit well. Load your new pack with towels to soften the load, then load with gallon milk jugs full of water for weight. Hike an assortment of trails to see if they ride comfortably.
Be sure to buy packs that are vertical not thick. It saves your back.
Attach several carabiners to the loops on your pack for use in attaching things together, or to your pack. Place your name and phone number in your pack in case you get separated from it
SLEEPING BAGS.
Buy two. One for cold weather usually down with a -25 rating.
For warmer weather a +25 or so, synthetic bag is okay.
Try all sleeping pads out. Thermorest makes great self inflating pads.
GORE-TEX GEAR.
It's great stuff but looses its waterproofing after a year or so.
Some alternatives work just as well. This is when proper washing and treatment is important.
WARM GLOVES
I store a pair of ski gloves in the bottom of my pack for emergencies. They also provide padding for gear on the bottom.
PRESSURE BREATHING
When you come to steeper terrain, breathing becomes difficult.
A trick I learned while glacier climbing is pressure breathing.
As you approach the steep trails breath in thru your nose to fill the bottom of your lungs fully. Then purse your lips like.you do when you blow out candles. The opening should be smaller than a pencil width. Blow hard and you will notice pressure backing up. This forces the air in your lungs to fill your blood with more oxygen. More oxygen gives you the boost you need to tackle hard terrain. Be serious about this breathing technic and you will notice a difference. In the winter it keeps your core warmer.
Another breathing exercise I do is as follows.
Start at four seconds and breath in slowly. Hold for four seconds. Then exhale for four seconds. Repeat 10 to 15 times. As you get used to this technic, increase your times. I do 8 second. Increase repetitions as needed. These are similar to pregnancy breathing technics.
STRETCHING & YOGA
Each morning I do extensive stretching and yoga so I can get thru the day. On sports days I do an abbreviated set with leg and arm stretches as I set out on the trail. Stop when necessary to re-stretch ham strings or other sore spots.
YELLOW MUSTARD PACKS.
Stop by a fast food place and snag a half a dozen mustard packs. Put the in your essentials pack. When you or a hiking partner get leg or other cramps, drink down a packet. Within a few minutes they will go away. I wonder if they will work for menstrual cramps. Once after a 15 hour hike/scramble in the American Selkirks, my legs cramped so badly I was screaming in pain. I dug out the mustard packs and they went away.
If you don't have mustard, straighten your legs and slowly move your toes to a point then back toward your knees, until the pain goes away.
SURVEYORS TAPE
Buy a roll of surveyor tape and carry it to mark the trail if it's complicated. On the way out the trail does not look the same as the way in. Also at critical intersections, take a photo from up the trail looking down so when you come to the intersection you know which way to go.
Do not continue blindly if you think you are misplaced. Hike back to familiar terrain and re evaluate your route. Refer to photos as needed. If you get lost, stay in place. Find an open area so you can form a SOS or help signal for helicopters to see. Do not start a fire unless it is VERY safe.
If you get separated from others, or they from you, pre arrange to re group at the last spot you were together.
SAFETY CORD
Carry about 30' of nylon cord that has been waterproofed to hang wet cloths on or as a tent. This cord can be used to secure a splint if needed.
DRY SACKS
If you backpack or even day hike into the Olympic National Forest or other very rainy areas put you clothes in a dry sack. Dry sacks are light weight and waterproof. Walmart sells Sea to Summit bags for cheap. They also come in small sizes to house phones, GPS, etc.
SPRAINED ANKLES
If you are walking along and suddenly sprain your ankle, CONTINUE TO THE GROUND IMMEDIATELY, don't stay standing. D NOT CATCH YOURSELF, FALL TO THE GROUND. Lie down and get your ankle up for 30 minutes or more, WITHIN SECONDS OF SPRAINING YOUR ANKLE. Find a bush, tree or rock to support your leg. Once hiking solo in the Selkirks by Bonners Ferry, I was 7 miles back and sprained my ankle. I hit the ground and stayed there for 30 minutes. I used some snow to cool the ankle and later got up and walked away. However, two miles from the car, I stepped into a hole and really twisted it. I did the same treatment for 45 minutes. It took me 4 hours to carefully walk 2 miles to the car.
NOTEPAD AND PEN
Carry a notebook and pen to write your thots and dreams. In the mountains, we become inspired. If you stop and write your thots you will convey your true feelings. A lot of the other wisdoms and prose I sent you were written in the woods and transferred to my iPad when I got home. Also you can leave messages on the trail for others to follow.
CRITTER WARNING
Remember, when you are hiking in an area that has ridges and gullies you go over, yell Oiya Oso to alert critters of your presents. Sometimes I feel the hair on the back of my neck stand up, or an uneasy feeling of other presence around me. Thats when I yell, whistle or smack my poles together. Also keep aware of your surroundings. Little feelings can alert you to possible dangers.
WILDLIFE
Stay away from wildlife. Moose wolverines, badgers are aggressive critters, while bear tend to run from you. If they have cubs be extra cautious. Don't run. Act like you are grazing while not staring at them, but keep your eye on them. Move in circles to mimic grazing. If they attach, roll into a ball with your hands behind your neck, and do not move, or make any noise. Play dead.
Cougar and bear are sparked by someone running away, like food. If you encounter a cougar, make yourself look many times larger. Lift your coat tails up, flapping and make as much noise as possible. Scare cougar away.
WOOD TICKS
Wood ticks are a hazard that fortunately move very slow. They tend to congregate near belts, collars, restricted areas. When they dig in, they use a pain killer in their saliva to not alert you. When you find one in you, use a set of tweezers to grasp the largest part of their heads crossways ( from left to right) and pull out slowly and carefully. DO NOT THROW AWAY. SAVE THEM FOR YOUR DOCTORS TO EXAMINE FOR DESEASE. Inspect it for missing legs or other parts that may have broken off in you.
If you suspect parts are in you, use your fingernail, knife or other instrument to dig it out. Usually the parts are not deep. In your first aid kit, carry biodegradable soap and a antiseptic lotion to treat your dig site. Monitor your dig site carefully. Also in my essentials kit is a small light weight plastic magnifying glass to inspect wounds and look for tick body parts. Ticks are really cool critters. You cannot kill them with your bare hands unless they are engorged with blood.
All this can be used to remove splinters. Splinters can infect easily if not properly treated.
PHONE AND BATTERIES
If you are carrying your phone (what am I thinking) and not taking pictures with it, turn it off. Your battery life may be needed later. Text messages tend to work when calling doesn't in the mountains. If you get misplaced, save your battery life, turn your phone off. There are solar chargers to charge your stuff if you find it necessary.
CAR KEYS
Be sure to have at least two sets of car keys with you. If you loose your keys in the backcountry, you are screwed. Chris and I share our spare keys when on a hike. I also have a spare key firmly attached to the car. Magnetic key holders tend to fall off on rough roads. I safety pin a car key and a P38 can opener to each pack. Car keys for starting the car have chips. Leave those keys that start your car in the car and carry a regular key that will only open your doors. Chip keys cost 70$+ where regular keys cost 2$.
COLORFUL CLOTHS
When you replace any outer clothes, buy bright coloured jackets.
Drab colors are not visible from the air. They tend to blend into the rocks and foliage.
PAPER PRODUCTS AND BLUE BAGS
I carry a pocket full of napkins to blow the nose. My right back pocket is for them after use. And also for trash I find along the trails. In the bottom of my pack are several plastic grocery bags for picking up trial/campsite trash. The USFS hasn't got two nickels to rub together, so clean up falls to those of us who care about the woods. I also carry 6 or 8 plastic gloves for trash clean up. Use a small carabiner to clip it takes your pack for easy trash disposal.
Blue bags are usually used for dog poop, but I carry several for when I am in sensitive areas. Do not poop or pee within 200 feet of a0ny water source. I have been known to cover mine waste with a huge flat rocks, otherwise I carry it out in blue bags. Snag some when you are on a local paved trail. Put your hand into the blue bag and carefully pick up poop, then turn it inside out and tie it off. Clip it to the outside of your pack, not inside. A trowel works to bury your waste but must be at least 6-8 inches deep. Then cover with a rock. National Parks and Wilderness areas require you to carry your waist out.
Carry hand sanitizer then rinse with water.
WILDFLOWER BOOK
Be sure to check out our wildflower section, under ACTIVITYIES.
Buy a Audubon Society wildflower book and carry it on hikes to identify flowers and eventually wow fellow hikers on your wildflower knowledge. Tree books are another wow factor.
It also acts as reading material of fire starter if needed.
Recently, Amy, a hiking partner showed me her “SEEK” app by iNaturalist.
It’s a free app that identifies most living things. Very cool app.
WATER CONSERVATION
When water is in short supply, I carry Orbit sugarless gum to create saliva. Chew small 1/4 inch pieces at a time. It also helps with reflux disease or heartburn in small doses.
Remember salt causes you to need water. Eat chips, Cheetos, etc only at lunch.
When I'm running low on water, I only take small sips and gargle, and swallow. When I'm really low on water or food, I always ration small portions and try always to walk out with leftovers.
CLIP TOE NAILS
Before any serious hiking that involves steep terrain, cut your toe nails close. After the first toenail loss you will learn. In my first aid kit is a small toenail clippers. I have stopped and clipped when I feel discomfort.
LISTEN AND FEEL YOUR BODY. TREAT POTENTIAL ISSUES AND PAINS AS SOON AS YOU FEEL THEM. if you wait until you get a chance, it may be too late. Make sure your hiking companions are aware also. Treating a hotspot is easier than treating a blister.
At the beginning of a huge long hike I tell all hikers to please let me know of discomfort when it's a small issue. I also tell them that we may hike at different speeds. If they or you get ahead, stop at each trail split and wait. Or use your ski poles or boot to draw an arrow up the trail you are headed.
SPARE CLOTHES
Have a full set of hiking cloths and street cloths in your car at all times. After a wet or sweaty hike, fresh cloths are a blessing.
Spare hiking clothes may fill a gap for stupid fellow hikers.
On a serious hike, question your hiking partners to be sure they all have what they need to be safe, warm and dry. Each hiker should have spare socks, hats and gloves. Wool is much better than synthetics when wet.
BASE LAYERS
Base layer long johns are a must even in warm weather. They wick moisture away from the core and keep you dry.
Go online and buy a brand called "Indera". The ones you want are grey and white, only. The outer layer (grey) is Morino wool, while the inner layer (white) is polypropylene. They only cost around 16$ each piece and out preform the best high priced stuff.
My very expensive Patagonia doesn't come close to my Indera.
You could buy two full sets of Indera for the price of one piece of high tech pro.
ESSENTIAL NECKLACE
In mountaineering we make a necklace on which are several items we need. Small containers of suntan lotion, a small knife or clippers, Chapstick and a whistle. Kayaking whistles are small and flat.
By wearing these you don't have to stop or dig into your pocket to treat for sun injuries etc.
SEWING KIT
Carry tooth floss with sewing needles inside for repairs. Wrap a length of heavy duty thread around something in your first aid kit for major repairs. Small collapsible scissors are useful.
Sharpen scissors by cutting aluminum foil folded 6 times.
PARTNER AWARENESS
Keep an eye on your partner closely. If they act funny, carelessly, outside of reasonable behavior, stop and assess the problem thoroughly. Heat, cold, dehydration, hunger, excessive sweating, clammy skin, red eyes, sun burn or sun stroke, limping, jitters, shaking, drowsiness, slurred speech, stupid behavior, grouchiness, lethargy, unwillingness to cooperate, angry behavior, swelling of hand and fingers, rudeness, among other unusual behavior are signs of something wrong. Assess their behavior and deal with issues as soon as they arise. If they get angry for your concern, turn around and tell them you are heading back to the car. Then do not hike with them anymore.
They can become a hazard to you, others and themselves.
DRY CLOTHING AND BAGS
Dry all items completely when you get home. In the field try to dry everything. Hang sleeping bags to dry inside out. Take rain fly off your tent as soon as you wake up. Keep mosquito net zipped to dry interior and keep bugs out. If bags are wet, have your partner help you ring out your bags. Do not dry your boots by a campfire. It shrinks the stitching and will allow your boots to get soaked inside when you cross a stream.
SANDALS OR TENNIS SHOES
When backpacking, carry a light pair of sandals or tennis shoes for around camp. Do not carry flip flops.
If you find yourself by a snow field or cold stream while on a tough hike, take your shoes off and do a Sherpa Fun Run on the snow or soak your feet to revitalize them. Dry thoroughly.
Don't eat yellow or red snow.
TIME AWARENESS
Always keep tracked of your time. Turn back at a prescribed time so you don't have to walk out in the dark. Eat lunch and drink water before you have a need. Eat trail snacks with lots of protein as you walk.
WEATHER
Learn weather patterns and cloud types to predict incoming weather. Be prepared and be safe. Know hitch way the wind blows normally in your area. Usually from the west.
LIGHTNING
Stay off ridges or from under wet trees.
On Mt Hood once, we hiked up thru an electrical storm. Our hair stuck out like an Afro, our metal items began to hum, our compasses spun wildly. Get away from your metal gear by separating them from your pack. Usually electrical storms pass pretty fast. If severe set your tent up and hunker down. No metal inside, and separate your metal objects so they don't get welded together. But most of all enjoy the light show.
HYPOTHERMIA
One can hypothermia in 60 degree temps, even 70's if cloths are wet. To get warm fast, if its safe, walk up hill until you get warm. Body to body contact is often necessary. Warm fluids without sweeteners are also good. Sweaty or wet cloths must come off.
Hand warmers placed on your neck, arm pits, inner thighs, toes and fingers will warm you up. If cold, stand with your sleeping bag upside down and you in it. Unzip the foot end and poke your head out. Sleep in your long johns to combat cold and sweaty sticky skin.
SNOW TRAVEL AND SNOW BLINDNESS
If you find yourself on snow, look for sticks or sharp blade rocks to use as "ice axes". If you slip, dig in fast and stop your slide immediately. Be proactive and act fast.
Kick steps that lean into the slope. Protect those steps before you so others have good foot holds. Lean slightly into the slope, using your poles for support. If the slope is icy, stay off.
If you are spending too much time on the snow you can get snow blind. Use the Gorilla Duct Tape to make small slits on your glasses. Less bright light will allow you to get out.
CAMERAS, PHONES AND EYEGLASSES
Before you go into the woods, dab a small amount of clear fingernail polish on all exterior screw heads. They tend to vibrate loose and can fall out.
Tree roots
Watch out for tree roots on the trail. They are always slippery.
BOOZE
Booze in the woods mimics warmth but actually cools your skin. Don't get drunk in the woods. It also dehydrates you.
CAMP FIRES
Make sure all fires are out. Test by putting your hands in the ashes. You can use grocery bags to carry water to the fire pit.
In 2024, I came upon 3 smoldering camp fires. Fortunately, I carry a dozen grocery bags. so I was able to extinguish them.
BEFORE YOU FORGET....STOCK YOUR PACK WITH A DOZEN OR SO.
YOU TOO CAN PREVENT FOREST FIRES.
KEEP YOUR GEAR CLEAN.
Dirty gear causes them to stain and wear out early.
SAND DUNES
If you hike in sand dunes or on beaches, it’s wise to carry an eye wash cup. Once on the coast the winds filled my eyes with sand.
It was not fun..
SKINNED KNEES, ELBOWS AND HANDS.
Clean wounds carefully. Treat with antiseptic lotion and bandage. Don't shrug it off.
MACHO ATTITUDE
Leave your ( not necessarily you) macho attitude at home.
It kills people every year.
FUN ATTITUDE
If people aren't fun on hikes, don't hike with them. Bitchy people are a pain in the woods.
ALTERNATIVE HIKES
Years ago the Spokane Mountaineers did a study on how many hikes, climbs, paddles, etc actually go off as planned.
We found that about 40% of the trips don't occur due to unforeseen causes.
With this in mind, always have an alternative event to fill in when yours doesn't happen. I have in my van a box of maps, guide books, and printouts just for this purpose. Make photocopies of hikes to refer to so the day is not lost.
TAKE NOTES ON HIKES.
With your pad and pen, record the pertinent info about your hike.
Trail heads change, roads get re directed, etc.
START A JOURNAL
By starting a journal early, you can refer back to it about how the trip was, what temps, trail hazards, road hazards, etc.
I use my slide collection for just that reason. I also write on a calendar where I'm going and/or where I've been. By doing this I've used it to to identify hikes in my slide collection.
It also becomes a badge of honor. When someone asks you about a trip and you pull out your journal, they will be impressed.
Over time the hardships of a hike fade. Having a reference may keep you from making a trip you didn't like.
I often advise people on hikes I've done. Having a reference makes it easy to recall details. Plus it brightens your day when you see all you've done.
BUYING BOOTS AND THER GEAR
Boots and other hiking gear get cleared out by stores to make room for new stock. This usually happens at the end of their season.
Utilize websites like mountaingear.com, backcountry.com, steepandcheap.com ( one great deal at a time ), overstock.com, Sierratradingpost.com, REI.com. Look at their clearance section for deals. Shop retail stores for the same reason.
MENTOR NEWBIES
I found years ago when I taught astronomy to school kids, that I learned more while teaching them, then out of books. By passing along "wisdoms" you learn how to teach, and you learn a lot about yourself. They will become in awe of you and your knowledge. Passing along info is very rewarding. Kinda like passing along this stuff to you. I'm honored.
TECHNOLOGY VS NATURE
Society today is very reliant on technology, which is okay.
But it is thru nature that we find our true selves.
When stress piles up and you don't know which way to turn, turn to nature. Spend some time alone in the mountains. Soon you will notice that the perspective you've been viewing may not match the true feelings within yourself. The cobwebs of stress will start to fall away. What is left, is you. Within you are the answers you seek. But it is very important to temper your answers with good common sense.
FRIENDSHIPS
Some of my most treasured friend have come from hiking with them. Some haven't tho.
THE #1 RULE IN KAYAKING
As you are sitting in your kayak, it is imperative to never allow your nose to extend outside your cockpit rim. You must twist your body so as to not lean outside this parameter. If you do, you will quickly learn of your mistake.
KAYAKING ADVISE
In my 40+ years of kayaking, I have only gone over when I was getting into my kayak at the shoreline.
Carry a dry bag with the following in it:
A large beach towel
Top & bottom fleece clothes
Stocking cap, wool gloves, wool socks.
Hand warmers
Your 13 essential pouch.
Buy rubber boots so you can kayak in cooler weather, or mucky shore lines. This time of year is the most calm and quiet, and has fewer boats and jet skis.
Wash your kayak when ever you come out of polluted or dirty water.
Use car wax to polish your boat and paddle. It will keep your boat and paddle from becoming dingy and dull.
Protect your paddle. Its your way home. Don't let it hit rocks etc.
Tie a 10' rope to the bow for multiple uses.
Keep you phone, camera, wallet etc in a dry sack.
When setting out, alway paddle into the wind. I have paddled with the wind for a couple of hours, then it took me twice as long to return, and I spent 4 times the energy to get back. Notice the winds and put in so the above can be achieved.
During the day the breezes tend to blow from water to land.
In the afternoon/evening they tend to blow from land to water.
When you are stroking your paddle, try to keep your hands and paddle low, or below your head. People that do dramatic strokes and dip their paddle deep are expending way to much energy.
If the winds are high, do not try to turn 180 degrees. The winds may knock you down.
Get proficient in paddling. Because paddling with the Eagles in winter is a delight.
When you are starting a paddle, paddle fast to get to a speed you can maintain, then lighten up your stroke to maintain that speed.
Take 15 second breaks, set your paddle down in your lap, rest your arms, then continue paddling.
Apply sun tan lotion as needed. Wear your Sunday Afternoon hat to protect ears and face
Below are manufacturer of freeze dried hiking meals.
heather’s choice.com
bushkaskitchen.com
fernwehfoodco.com
gourmetkickz.com
heatherschoice.com
nomadnutrition.co
outdoorherbivore.com
packitgourmet.com
trailtopia.com
mountainhouse.com
maryjanesfarms
backpackerspantry.com
patagoniaprovisions.com
rightontrek.com/meals/store
If you have any suggestions on the above topics, please use our contact form. When I include it in this section, I will credit you for your advise.
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If you are looking for a base layer that actually keeps you warm, consider the Indera 2 Layer,
below.
below.
